Esters - substitution products of Hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group of alcohols or phenols on carbon radical R: R1-O-R2.Diethyl ether - formula H3C-O-CH3.For esters characterized by isomerism hydrocarbon chain and metamerism.The first type of isomerism due branched hydrocarbon chain.Metamerism - view of isomerism in which two or more ester have the same molecular formula, but a different molecular structure, due to the different radicals on both sides of the oxygen "bridge".
diethyl ether: getting
esters prepared synthetically (in the nature of a free state, they do not occur).To synthesize esters can be used several ways: the dehydration of alcohols using mineral acids, the reaction with the halogen alcoholates alkyl.Dimethyl and methyl ethyl esters are gaseous state, the next few representatives - solutions, higher - solids.The esters are poorly soluble in water but readily in organic solvents, and the average representatives (diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, and propyl) - different organic solvents.Physical properties of them vary depending on the molecular weight.Diethyl ether was well mixed with an alcohol, chloroform, benzene, ether, and fatty oils.If you violate the conditions of storage of air are formed in the toxic and explosive compounds - hydroperoxides.
Diethyl ether is used in medicine.It is used for inhalation anesthesia.This type of anesthesia is characterized by a pronounced step excitation (enhanced cardiac activity, increases vascular tone, activated by the excretion of catecholamines in the blood increases the concentration of glucose, lactate and pyruvic acid inhibits secretory and motor functions of the digestive tract).Please be aware that when using this type of ether anesthesia is slow, it is very often necessary to observe the strong arousal and motor activity.General anesthesia has a multifaceted effect on the human body (muscle-relaxant, and analgesic drug).
Local Action ether manifests itself in the form of irritation of nerve endings, so that the patient experiences a cooling effect.In this regard, sometimes it is used internally for controlling motor function of stomach, and subcutaneous - for the excitation of the reflex breathing and blood circulation improvement.If inhaled ether vapors irritate airways, causing reflex inhibition of first breath, and then activates the secretion of bronchial glands.For the first time diethyl ether inhalation anesthesia was used by the outstanding Russian surgeon NIPirogov, the founder of field surgery, during the Crimean War (1853-1856 gg.).
Diethyl ether is readily absorbed mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, but complete anesthesia occurs later compared with chloroform.The narcotic effect is manifested only by inhalation of 5-8% ethyl ether vapor and full anesthesia occurs within 30 minutes of inhalation of 10% of the mixture.Narcotic effect of the drug is in a concentration of from 110 to 150 mg per 100 ml of blood, respiratory paralysis occurs at the center of 200 mg / 100 ml of blood.Total toxicity ether insignificant.Awakening from anesthesia occurs in 20-40 minutes after cessation of inhalation of ether, but the normal state of the body comes only after a few hours.Provided broadcast airways and the kidneys.Approximately 50% of the total amount excreted in the body in the first 30-60 minutes after the anesthesia.It should be said that some of the products of hydrolysis of diethyl ether can be localized in the triglycerides and other lipids to several days.
