Isotonic solution - a special group of solutions, which are characterized by the osmotic pressure.It has such a value that characterized by body fluids, such as: blood plasma, tears, lymph and so on.All of these fluids have postoyannoem pressure of 7.4 atm in the field.However, if the body will put an injection, the osmotic pressure of the liquid is broken, as is violated a similar balance.
To prepare such a solution, it is necessary to make some calculations.The most famous of them is a way nothing else, as the van't Hoff factor isotonic.Use it to calculate the concentration of the solution isotonic diluted substance that is not an electrolyte.The osmotic pressure, the amount of the solution and its temperature are determined according to, which is expressed Clapeyron equation.It is used against dilute solutions, as according to the van't Hoff's law, the substances dissolved in the fluid, will behave in the same way as the gases, and therefore with respect thereto are applicable all so-called gas laws.
isotonic coefficient - is not nothing but a parameter that characterizes the behavior of matter in any solution.If we talk about the numerical equivalent of the Van't Hoff factor is the ratio of the numerical value of collegiate properties, which has a solution to the same property of the non-electrolyte, with the same concentration, all other parameters remain unchanged.
physical meaning of isotonic coefficient becomes clear from the definition of each collegiate setting.All of these are dependent on the concentration of particulate matter in the solution.Nonelectrolyte will not react dissociation, so every single molecule of the substance will be a single particle.Electrolytes same process solvatsii be either completely or partially dissociate into ions, thus forming several particles.It turns out that colligative properties depend on the amount contained therein particles of different types, ie ions.Thus, Van't Hoff factor will be a mixture of different solutions of each type of particle.If we consider the bleach solution, it can be seen that it consists of three kinds of particles: calcium cations, hypochlorite and chloride - anions.Van't Hoff factor will indicate that the electrolyte solution has more particles than in non-electrolyte solution.Factor will depend on whether a substance is split into ions - is not nothing but a feature of dissociation.
Since strong electrolytes fully exposed to the processes of dissociation, it is justified to expect that the Van't Hoff factor in this case is equal to the number of ions present in the molecule.However, in reality, the value of the coefficient is always less than the value, calculated using Eq.This position is grounded in 1923 by Debye and Hiickel.They formulated the theory of strong electrolytes: the ions will not be obstacles to move, as it will form the shell solvatsii.Moreover, they still will engage with each other, leading eventually to the formation of a group that will move in the same direction with the solution.This is the so-called ion association, as well as ion pairs.All processes will take place in the solution so as though it contains a few particles.
interaction ions begin to subside by as the temperature will rise and decrease their concentration.All results from the fact that in this case is reduced and the probability of meeting the different particles in the solution.
