Crossroads caravan routes in North Africa near the oasis of Ammon - historically recognized as the birthplace of ammonia.The priests, who worship the god Amun, during their rituals used nitride hydrogen when heated exuded the smell of ammonia.They were called amoniany obviously the name of the ammonia came from those times.
Modern scientists have not only learned to produce ammonia in pure form, to find him a lot of applications, but also able to simulate the design of molecules of a substance that is in the circles of professional chemists has been called "hydrogen nitride."Notably configuration of the molecule of ammonia is that it is a regular pyramid, like those who witnessed the first synthesis of the substance in ancient Egypt.
Nitrogen located at the apex of the pyramid considered forms with polar bonds with hydrogen atoms.The nitrogen atom in the compound has a lone pair of electrons, it is the basic condition for the emergence of the ability of the ammonia to form donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonds, they are at the time, coupled with a significant polarity causes the ammonia molecule become strong interaction between them.As a result, different from the characteristic ammonia properties and characteristics of compounds of this type.
C odor of ammonia each mark, it is connected with the advent of ammonia, which is a colorless gas, lighter than air twice.For humans, it is toxic and has a high solubility.
Ammonia chemical properties of their exhibits also largely due to the unshared electron pair.It is able to take over a proton, thereby forming an ammonium ion.In aqueous ammonia (known as ammonia) has a slightly alkaline reaction.Ammonium salts obtained by reacting with acids promotes ammonia.The chemical properties of this compound are similar or complexing nucleophiles.
On the other hand exhibits the properties of ammonia and a weak acid capable of reacting with the metal, forming amides.Amides derived from alkali metals upon exposure to ammonia.Imides, nitrides and salts of several metals are obtained by carrying out the reaction in liquid ammonia.Nitrides prepared by heating the metal in a nitrogen atmosphere.
have metal amides manifest properties hydroxides.A solution like alkali salts of ammonia amides are good conductors of electricity.
Ammonia chemical characteristics by reacting with phenolphthalein exhibits, colored with red, the addition of acid leads to neutralization.Heating ammonia allows him to appear as a reducing agent.It is able to burn in oxygen, the result is a water and nitrogen.In the oxidation of ammonia to obtain a catalyst of platinum oxide, nitrogen, a product for the industrial synthesis of nitric acid.
resilience of nitrogen is used to clean metal surfaces of oxides during soldering.In the oxidation of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite (compulsory presence of gelatin) obtained hydrazine.Reaction with halogen (chlorine, iodine) afforded explosives.
thus is crucial industrial synthesis of ammonia.The reaction of its production is kind of interaction of nitrogen and hydrogen.It is also called the Haber process.The reaction heat is released and reduced volume.Favorable conditions for the synthesis of ammonia is the low temperature and high pressure.
taken into account to give ammonia, the chemical properties of some substances act as catalysts in this process.Their use is possible to accelerate the achievement of the equilibrium state.
