main period to which the philosophy of modern times , - eto17-18 century.For this stage of the development of philosophical thought is characterized by the existence of several areas.This 17th-century English philosopher (empiricism), led by Fr.Bacon (1561-1626), Hobbes, Locke,rationalism headed by Descartes (1596-1650), Leibniz, Spinoza;philosophy of the 18th century Enlightenment (Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau);French materialism of the 18th century (La Mettrie, Holbach, Helvetius).
modern philosophy general characteristics can be given that.The intensive development of science leads to the acquisition of items neatly derived laws.Each of Sciences is determined by its subject, the problems of determining its essence and nature.Especially notable is becoming the trend of separation of science and philosophy.
main problem of science is knowledge of nature.Science is beginning to explore the world, which is understood as nature, existing under the laws.This philosophy is transformed into a field of knowledge about the world, to invent and open specific laws of physical phenomena.It actually turns into an experimental science.Social and scientific revolution contributed to the formation of two main areas, which make up the modern philosophy: empiricism and rationalism.
Empiricism as the direction of philosophy is the theory of knowledge of the region that recognizes the primary importance of sense experience as the main source of knowledge.
In turn, in the direction of empiricism were such idealistic and materialistic empiricism.Idealist empiricism led by George. Berkeley (1685-1753), Hume (1711-1776).Under the direction of the experience is a common set of ideas, feelings, and the value equal to the value of the world experience.The second direction in empiricism was materialistic empiricism, which approved Bacon and Hobbes.The representatives of this trend believe that the source of human experience is the outside world.
Rationalism the fore logical essence of science, knowledge of the source and criterion of truth called the main reason.
rationalist philosophy of modern times also had in the general direction of several individual flows.The doctrine of knowledge is called epistemology.Rationalism in modern philosophy based on this concept.A man in his being the world changes.The Company refers to the world from a practical point of view.Man's own being obliged to change the world around him.To change the character was of the best, it must be controlled by knowledge.
epistemology should clarify the nature of human knowledge, its laws, goals and opportunities.It examines the mechanisms of cognitive activity, explores the structure of knowledge and the role of social and biological factors of knowledge, etc.The epistemology linked to psychology, cybernetics, linguistics and many other sciences.
Thus, modern philosophy for the first time comprehended the paradox of science through the epistemological system of empiricism and rationalism .Science began to be understood as a system of this true knowledge.Empiricists saw a source of knowledge in experience, rationalists - in mind.To synthesize these views Kant tried.
the period of time the new master plan were put forward inductive methods of knowledge.Between philosophy and science in modern times to establish a very close relationship, which led to the formation of a full scientific picture of the world.
Science from this period becomes a means by which the philosophy of the knowable world.It has become an integral part of the subject of philosophical thinking.So much has changed the image of the world, man, and of science itself.Science opens people's natural world and helps the development of civilization in general.
