Sociology as a science about society
Sociology - the science of social phenomena occurring in society.It deals with the study of social institutions (law, state, etc.), social relationships between the subjects of: individuals, social institutions.Sociology as a science about society began to develop many centuries ago.
main stages of development sociology.
1. ancient times.Man since ancient times is not only interested in the phenomena and mysteries of the natural environment, as well as problems related to its existence around other people.The scientists drew attention to the existence of man in society.The origins of sociology can be found in the reasoning of the wise men and scientists - in their sage advice on life issues.Works of Aristotle's "Politics" and Plato's "Laws" were the beginning of the study of social institutions: the rights of the family and the state.The philosophers of antiquity drew attention to the man's place in society.
2. Renaissance - a new stage in the development of social thought.There are new researches that relate to sociology, aimed to study the various aspects of society.Michel de Montaigne, Erasmus, Machiavelli, Thomas More - great scholars of the Middle Ages.They raised issues of human relationships.This led to a folding model of society, which is reminiscent of the community in which moral norms and procedure regulated by tradition and God.The man had a minor role in the society.
3. Age of Enlightenment.During this era views on society and the place of man in it changed.Denis Diderot, Claude Adrien Gelvetsky - analyzed society, why there was a disparity, heterogeneity of society.The man - an independent subject, his life, the behavior depends on the effort of will, so they reasoned.
4. Classic stage of development (19-20 centuries).There are three prominent thinkers Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx.
Marx to explain why there was social inequality, conflicts are analyzed as a phenomenon in society that are necessary for the development of society.
Weber developed a sociological theory of the public.The central point of the theory - the behavior of the individual in society depend on its relationships with other people.
Durkheim founded the school of sociology.The existence of a society does not depend on the actions of individuals.Each individual performs its function.
Thanks to the scientists, philosophy, sociology as a science of society has its object, theory and the possibility to obtain confirmation of the theory.
functions of sociology as a science.
informative, its purpose - to study society, to understand its structure, how to interact with individuals and groups.It answers the question: what kind of society we live in?
Conceptual and narrative, it gives those who study sociology, a system of concepts, theories and rules of descriptions that reflect the social reality.Like what is happening in society?- She answers this question.
estimated.Conformity assessment of society (institutions, social organizations) norms and human expectations of social groups and individuals, their goals, needs.It answers the question: Is our democratic society, as it is valid?
explains.It gives an explanation of social events, phenomena and processes based on the revealed facts, laws.It answers the question: why is happening in society so, instead of differently?
ideologically-ideological.It implements certain political and social ideals.Answers the question: What particular social actions take place?
predictive.It makes predictions based on the laws of development of society and the knowledge of the trends, creating scripts for a variety of events taking place in the future.To the question: What can happen to society in the future?- It meets this function.
Management.After identifying the patterns of development, creating scripts for a variety of events in the future - sociology can manage events in the community.It answers the question: How to effectively supervise social phenomena?
Training (educational).Sociology through various institutions to improve the skills, educational institutions can widely disseminate sociological evaluation and knowledge.It answers the question: What is the best use of the knowledge about the society?
still sociology as a science of society is of great scientific interest.All these features interact with each other, forming a single functioning, productive system of sociology.
