to the different philosophical ideas and doctrines of modern humanity long ago got used to and takes them for granted.For example, categories such as "knowledge", "being" or "paradox", a long time ago, we seem to be verified and completely clear.
However, there are less well-known areas of philosophical doctrines, which are no less interesting for modern philosophers, and for the average person.One such area is precisely epistemology.
essence of the concept
value of this seemingly complicated term easily revealed already in its linguistic structure.No need to be an outstanding philologist to understand that "epistemology" - a word including just two bases.
first of them - episteme, meaning 'knowledge' as such.The second sostavlyayushey this term is more commonly known to modern humanity.The most popular interpretation of the logos is considered to be the "word", but according to other concepts, it is determined by the value a little differently - "teaching".
Thus, it can be determined that epistemology - is science of knowledge as such.
basis of the doctrine is not difficult to understand in this case that the branch of philosophy has much in common with the more famous contemporary humanity epistemology.Representatives of classical philosophical schools even insist on their identification, but if we consider the concept objectively, it appears that the identity is not quite true.
First of all, these different branches of science studying the positions.Interests epistemology focused on the definition of the relationship between subject and object of knowledge, while the epistemology - is discipline philosophical and methodological nature, which are most interested in as opposed to knowledge and the interaction itself, and the object.
main problems
Any scientific or pseudo-scientific discipline has its own range of interests.We are interested in a branch of philosophy is not an exception in this respect.Epistemology - is science aimed at the study of knowledge itself.In particular, the subject of her research is becoming the nature of knowledge, the mechanisms of its formation and the relation with the objective reality.
Researchers working on this kind of detection specificity acquisition, expansion and systematization of knowledge.The very life of this phenomenon is becoming a key issue in this section philosophy.
chronological framework
Continuing the theme of identification epistemology and epistemology, we should note one more feature, namely, that the latter has been made available to human consciousness much earlier.Questions arose epistemological even in antiquity, while epistemological representation formed later.As an example, in this case can result in the Platonic idea of referential concept of truth, which at one time served as the impetus for the development and formation of interest to us discipline.
ratio and interference
Epistemology and philosophy (science) fairly closely related, simply because the subject interests first.Any component of a real or ideal world known by us through understanding, gaining knowledge about it.A knowledge, as mentioned earlier, is the main object of interest in epistemology.The most she connected with epistemology, which was the reason for their identification by individual scientists.
Epistemology and philosophy - science, which are in constant interaction, complementing and enhancing each other.Perhaps that is why the philosophy of our time has reached such heights.
particular and general
Like any other phenomenon we are interested in the discipline can not exist on its own, outside the context of other components.So epistemology in philosophy - is only methodological discipline is just a small part of the body of scientific knowledge.
Becoming it was long and quite difficult.Originating in the days of antiquity, epistemology went through a brutal scholasticism of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, she experienced another surge, gradually developing and reaching a much more complete form to the present day.
Classic presentation
Modern researchers distinguish between traditional and non-classical epistemology.This distinction and the opposition is based primarily on the difference in the approaches to the study of knowledge.
Classical epistemology based on a kind of fundamentalism, and knowledge, which is the main object of study, it is divided into two main types.The first followers of the classical variant of this section applies philosophical concepts and views, based on the basis of other concepts, phenomena of objective reality.Knowledge of this kind quite difficult to prove or disprove, referring to a simple analysis.The second
same class are those knowledge, authenticity, the truth of which can not correlated with the notions that are epistemological base.They are considered in concert, but not attached to each other.
Contact Charles Darwin
As already mentioned, epistemology, philosophy - it separate discipline, is inextricably linked with the other.Due to the nature of the object and subject of study to expand the limits of its human, which causes not only borrowing the terminology, but also of the ideas from other sciences.
Speaking of this section of philosophy, we must not forget This scientific complex as evolutionary epistemology.In most cases, this phenomenon is usually associated with the name of Karl R. Popper, one of the first drew attention to the relation of knowledge and language.
In their scientific works, the researcher came to the study of knowledge and the formation of beliefs about it in the language system in terms of the Darwinian theory of evolution, natural selection.
Evolutionary epistemology Karl R. Popper is, in fact, that its main problems should be considered a change, improvement of language and the role it plays in the formation of human knowledge itself.Another scientist calls the same problem determination method by which the consciousness of humanity selected basic linguistic phenomena that define the knowledge of reality.
Another link with biology
philosophy This section is directly linked with other areas of biology.In particular, genetic epistemology, the author of which is considered by Piaget, is based on the psychological aspect.
Researchers of this school is considered knowledge as a set of mechanisms which are based on responses to certain stimuli.By and large, this concept is an attempt to combine the currently available science and accurate data obtained in experimental studies of ontogenetic nature.
Knowledge and Society
Naturally, the range of interests of epistemology is not aimed at any particular individual, but society as a whole.Knowledge of all of humanity, handed down from generation to generation, it becomes the main object of study of this science.
For the ratio of individual and collective knowledge is responsible for most of the social epistemology. main subject of interest in this case, it is the collective knowledge of the total.Problems of epistemology of this kind are based on all sorts of sociological research and monitoring of the cultural, religious, scientific understanding of society as such.
Doubt and understanding
modern science, anyway, made a huge number of breakthroughs in various fields of human life.What is flying in space!Needless to say that only a few centuries ago, the main method of treatment was bloodletting and modern diagnostics to determine the likelihood of the problem long before the immediate occurrence.
All of this is based on the scientific knowledge gained as a result of certain practices, experiments and activities.In fact, all man-made progress that today we can see, based on the perceptions of those or other phenomena.
is why epistemology (the science associated with it, we have reviewed above) is of particular value.Studying the mechanisms of scientific knowledge itself is especially important and interesting from the point of view of the philosophy of this section, as they (the mechanisms of this kind) push the human race forward.
modern epistemology constantly evolving, like any other science.The increasingly wide range of its interests is becoming increasingly clear conclusions obtained as a result of the presence of a much larger experimental base.Deeper and deeper the understanding of human knowledge itself, its features, rules and mechanisms of action.More and more is known human world in which we live ...
