Sometimes we find ourselves in a society of men, where we hear often unfamiliar and complex words.Not understanding their significance, we feel a little out of place when the words are directly related to us.Words describing the specialized processes and phenomena from a particular branch of knowledge - it is a professional vocabulary.
definition of professional vocabulary
This kind of language - a special word or of speech, of expression, which are actively used in any sphere of human activity.These words are a little separated, are not used as the large mass of the population, only a small part of it, to get specific education.Word of professional vocabulary used to describe or clarify the production processes and phenomena, implements a particular profession, raw material, the final result of work and rest.
place this kind of vocabulary in the language used by a particular nation
There are several important issues relating to various aspects of professionalism, who are still studying linguistics.One of them is: "What is the role and place of the professional vocabulary in the national language?"
Many argue that the use of professional vocabulary is appropriate only within a particular specialty, so it can not be called national.Since the formation of the language professions, in most cases there is artificial, it is their criteria does not fit the characteristics of the common lexicon.Its main feature is that it is formed in the course of such a vocabulary of natural communication between people.In addition, the formation and the formation of a national language can take quite a long period, can not be said about the professional lexical units.Today linguists and linguists agree that the professional vocabulary is not a literary language, but it has its own structure and characteristics.
difference between professional vocabulary of terminology
Not all inhabitants know that the terminology and language of a specialty different from each other.They distinguish between these two concepts on the basis of their historical development.Terminology emerged relatively recently, this concept refers to the language of modern science and technology.Professional vocabulary also reached its peak during the time of handicraft production.
concepts also differ in terms of their use of the official.The terminology used in scientific journals, reports, conferences, and specialized agencies.In other words, it is the official language of a particular science.The vocabulary of professions applied "semi-official", ie not only in special articles or scientific papers.Experts particular profession can use it during the work and understand each other, while the uninitiated will be difficult to grasp what they're saying.Professional vocabulary, examples of which will be discussed below, is some opposition to the terminology.
- presence of emotional coloring of speech and imagery - lack of expression and emotional, as well as figurative terms.
- special vocabulary is limited conversational style - the terms do not depend on the usual style of communication.
- certain range of deviation from the norm of professional communication - clear compliance with professional language.
Based on these characteristics, and professional vocabulary of terms, many experts are inclined to the theory that the latter refers to the professional parlance.The difference in these terms can be determined by comparing them with each other (bagel - a steering wheel, the system unit - sistemnik motherboard - motherboard, etc.).
Varieties of words in the vocabulary of professional
professional vocabulary consists of several groups of words:
- professionalism;
- technicism;
- professional slang words.
professionalism called lexical units that do not have a strictly scientific character.They are considered "semi-official" and the need to refer to any concept or process in production, inventory and equipment, materials, raw materials and so on.
technicism - a professional vocabulary words that are used in the art and are used only a limited circle of people.They are highly specialized, that is to communicate with the person who is not dedicated to a particular profession, with their help, it will not turn.
Vocational and slang words are characterized by a reduced expressive color.Sometimes these concepts are absolutely logical, and only an expert can understand in a particular area.
In some cases, professional vocabulary used in literary language?
Species of special language can often be used in literary journals, writing and speaking.Sometimes professionalism technicism and jargon can replace bad terms with the language development of concrete science.
But there is a danger of widespread use of jargon in periodicals - the layman is difficult to distinguish between similar in meaning of the concept, so many may err on the processes, materials and products of a particular production.The overloading of the text professionalisms prevents it correctly perceive the lost sense and style to the reader.
Vocational and slang words are very rarely used in any publications.In the scientific journals they do not, as in fiction, they can appear as a characterological funds.This type does not acquire a normative character.
as an image of professionalism in this kind of language?
terms, in contrast to the professional vocabulary, are formed in three ways:
- Comparison - take suffixes, prefixes and roots of Latin, Greek words and add to them the necessary Russian words.For example, "candy bar" - "mono" ("one, one") device.
- Rethinking - known many words (sometimes implying a different meaning) adapts to the particular process and enshrined in the terminology.
- Borrowing - words from other languages are used to define our terms.
vocational vocabulary occurs through the simplification of terms, they can be cut from the long words of definitions.As well as the terms of professionalism can be formed by mapping, reinvention borrowing.But it will be a decrease in stylistic, emotional or expressive (woodpecker - a hammer drill, a piece of iron - steel construction).
example of professionalism
Borrowing and redefining - the main ways in which the image of the professional vocabulary.Examples of specific language on types discussed below.
Professionalism: montazhki - scrap mounting, gap - artist, who left forward Tyagun - uphill, cellar - an article located at the bottom of the paper.
technicism: dyuymovka - board thickness of one inch.
professional jargon words: "vkuril?"- "Understand?" Noodles - two-wire.
When special vocabulary is inappropriate?
use of jargon is not always stylistically justified.Since they have spoken coloring book style in their use inappropriate.Vocational and slang words in the literature generally should not be used.This informal dialogue on the theme of the particular features of the process of science, so they are only used colloquially.
