If "Baikonur" is more or less clear then the question of where is the cosmodrome "Plesetsk", many people puzzled.And all because of him not much to say.It is necessary to fill in the missing information.
When it all started?
winter of 1957.Then in January, it was decided to create a military facility.He was to be the first compound of intercontinental ballistic missiles.The same year saw the start of construction of the first starting complex.Today, Baikonur has six launch sites, some of which are under construction.
How to choose the location?
It is now possible to simply be interested in where the "Plesetsk" - the famous spaceport, and then had to find him a suitable area.
While it was necessary to take into account many factors.They have not lost their importance in the modern world.The place where the cosmodrome "Plesetsk", satisfy the following conditions:
- proximity of the railway station;
- opportunity to impress a potential enemy;
- compliance with the conditions of secrecy;
- has the opportunity to test-firing near the Kamchatka Peninsula;
- removed from major population centers and is located in a sparsely populated area.
meets all these requirements in the area some distance from Arkhangelsk.That there is a place where the cosmodrome "Plesetsk".
What are its coordinates?
not always sufficient evidence that it is removed from Arkhangelsk at a distance of about 180 km to the south.It happens that you need to know exactly where the cosmodrome "Plesetsk".Coordinates will then come in handy.
While talking about the exact geographical data for the settlement is very difficult because it is very stretched over a vast territory.But still.Most sources indicate such information:
- east longitude - 40.68º or 40 ° 41 ';
- north - 62.96 or 62 ° 57 '.
bit of its history
first launcher was completed two years after construction began.A year later (in 1960) launched the first missiles on combat duty.
After another three years, it was decided to use the existing capability for launching satellites.And in 1966 from the cosmodrome "Plesetsk" was sent into orbit the first of them.After this event, the spaceport has been actively used.And the next two decades were characterized by the fact that one in four of the world space launch was carried out from that place.
Prior to 1999, produced more than a thousand carrier rockets.
And of that number, only 49 were accompanied by emergencies.
plans to use the Baikonur there is an item on the implementation of manned space flights.
Details spaceport and its surroundings
«1st State test" - the official name of the cosmodrome "Plesetsk".A summary of it is:
- gave the name of the station "Plesetsk", belonging to the Northern Railway;
- the area is characterized as a plateau-like undulating plain;
- area is located in the extreme continental climate, which is characterized by extreme instability and is very cold;
- Baikonur occupies in 1762 km2;
- it stretches along the parallel - about 46 km, along the meridian - 82 km;
- the administrative center of the cosmodrome is located in the town of Mirny;
- its population varies from 30 to 50 thousand people, this value depends on what task is performed "Plesetsk";
- city status - closed city, which stands for "Closed City".
How does the environment?
Village, where the launch site "Plesetsk", however, like any other, can hardly be called environmentally friendly.But more on that later.First, the changes that have occurred in the environment.And they are obvious.Because to build a spaceport itself and its maintenance facilities needed to cleared areas.Also it needed to build residential buildings and infrastructure to support staff could live in the immediate vicinity of the work.
mainly a negative impact of the falling missiles, which are separated from them during the flight.Arkhangelsk region has 11 districts fall.There is limited development, land not used for agricultural purposes.And all because they may be the remnants of propellant.It contains a toxic substance unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine, and also acts as a nitrogen fertilizer, accelerating plant growth.Therefore around spaceports usually observed increased growth of grass in places where fuel was spilled.
is worth noting that in recent years has significantly reduced the number of starts.Thus falling parts of carrier rockets fewer.In this connection, the concentration of harmful substances decreased.
Plus the latest launches are carried out on fuel consisting of kerosene and liquid oxygen.Only occasionally carried out the flight of missiles that still use the old fuel.This also significantly affects the concentration tetraksida dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen in the environment.It varies downwards.Besides four polygon generally not used for several years.Some - even longer 10.
It's all about the spill.That is burned inside the engine, no harm because emissions.Because these high temperature is maintained so that the fuel burns almost without residue.The results of its combustion are water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
