In some cases, during the measurement of objects requires a high accuracy of the results which can not be obtained using a conventional line.In such situations, use special tools micrometers.What is the mic and how it is used is described in this article.
What micrometer device
is a tool designed for accurate measurement of small parts.Micrometer to determine the thickness, depth, outer and inner diameters of the articles.To perform these measurements apply micrometer depth gauge callipers, micrometers and other various structures.
All the versions of this measuring instrument works on the same principle: the use of relative movement between the nut and screw.Among the mechanisms of micrometer are the most common conventional micrometers.
Micrometer - a metal tool of small size, which consists of a screw, and the tip retainer.It can measure objects with a high degree of accuracy.The error is very small and the tool is from 2 to 9 microns.It should be noted that the 0.1 mm = 100 microns, i.e., 1 micron - a millionth of a millimeter.The maximum displacement of the screw is 25 mm.This contributes to the length of the maximum measurement accuracy.If the length of the micrometer screw would have been more measurement results do not correspond to the reality.Some models allow you to measure product micrometers up to 100 mm due to the use of interchangeable heels.
There are strict technical requirements to be met by a micrometer.Standard specifies that all models of the measuring instrument shall have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.Also, according to the standards micrometers can be produced with such measurement limits: 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100 and so on up to 300 mm, and then 300-400, 400-500, 500-600 mm.
History of
humanity for many centuries, knows what a micrometer.According to historical facts, screw measuring mechanism began to use in the XVI century sighting mechanisms of artillery weapons.A little later, the instrument began to be used in geodetic devices.But he did not give the required accuracy of the results.And only in 1867, American engineers have created a micrometer, allowing to obtain high quality measurements.
Types micrometers
Mic - is the most versatile measuring system.Lightness and ease of use have made it almost indispensable in many industrial sectors.Due to the variety of measurement facilities available in the following types of micrometers:
- sheet - designed to measure the thickness of the flat sheets made of metal or other material;
- lever - different from other micrometers presence lever-gear head allows high-precision complex products or to carry out their repair;
- smooth - such devices are equipped with ratchet bracket and which allow you to measure objects with a smooth surface;smooth micrometers are the most common and are used in virtually all industrial sectors;
- universal - are intended for the abstraction of internal and external dimensions of different parts;
- tube - used to measure pipe wall;
- rezbomernye and wire - make it possible to measure the most delicate products, such as fiber optic cable;
- digital - micrometer measurement of this type provides additional advantages: accounting data and the possibility of instant processing on the computer.
With regard to production, to the greatest extent there are two kinds of micrometers - mechanical and digital.Let us examine them in more detail.
Mechanical micrometers Micrometer
mechanical type is the traditional measuring instrument and is widely used in different sectors of the economy, despite the presence of more advanced electronic counterpart.
micrometer mechanical device consists of two parts:
- handle (rattle, the stem and the drum);
- recess in the form of a semicircle with the support post for fixing the object being measured.
To measure the item, you need to follow the following scheme: first it is necessary to put the subject on the support column handle and screw micrometer screw.Then you need to scroll through a ratchet to fit froze.When she begins to scroll, then it froze already made.The final step - remove the value from the scale located on the drum and the stem.
There are models of micrometers, which are equipped with a locking mechanism.It allows you to keep the ratchet in place to fix the value was not lost as long as the result is recorded in a special book or magazine.
Micrometer Digital
electronic device is an advanced form of a simple mechanical micrometer.It is more modern and easy to use.For example, a digital micrometer allows to obtain measurements with an accuracy of 1 mm and an accuracy of up to 0.1 microns.Many models have a built-in calibration.
external electronic device is different from the mechanical model of the presence of a digital scoreboard.The user can select any of the possible systems of calculation.For example, inches or millimeters.Also, the scoreboard displays other important information.So, any time you can view the battery level.
To reduce energy costs, the device can be programmed to turn off automatically.This mainly occurs after 5 minutes of inactivity.
There are technical requirements to be met by a digital micrometer.Standard denotes the scale division permissible errors and other important features of the device.
Using the appliance
- Check tool.Immediately after the purchase should check the suitability of the instrument and the absence of defects.If the mic is OK, then you need to adjust the scale.To do this in combination with a tool is a special key.If done correctly, a digital display device when closing the measurement plane without details should show 0. In the mechanical drum mic to close the stem, and a value of zero scale drum must coincide with the longitudinal stroke on the stem.Such manipulation is desirable to do periodically, to be able to timely detect the fault and adjust the mic.This will allow in the future to eliminate incorrect measurements.
- Fixing parts.This step is very important and requires compliance with important recommendations.So, you must first put the subject between the measuring plane and simple rotation of the drum to bring up details of the screw.After the non-durable rotation should feel stress.Then be displaced by the handle and continue to turn the ratchet until you hear three clicks.It will be a signal that the item is securely locked.
- measurement micrometer.After fixing the digital device will show on the display the measurement result.As for the mechanical device is a little more tricky.The result should be read with large digits and end small.First you need to look at the marks of the stem.On it are two scales.Upper division represents 0.5 mm, and the bottom - 1 mm.
Industrial applications
Micrometer devices are indispensable in modern industry.This is especially true of industries, working with small details.So, almost all electronics manufacturer used a micrometer.This makes it possible to produce parts with a high degree of accuracy.Also, the measuring device used in the jewelry industry for the measurement of the size of the stones.
impossible to do without the mic at many stages of the automotive industry.That is a tool micrometer is used everywhere, where production is associated with small and medium sizes.
cost micrometer
Today the market offers a wide variety of micrometers.A wide range of tools is due to the growing demand for active mic.The price of different models of the device may differ materially.It depends on the functionality of the material, reliability.Great influence on the value of the instrument has a manufacturer.As a rule, micrometer-known brand is much more expensive than ordinary Chinese.In this case, the buyer can decide which is more important - to save on the device or have a quality measuring system.So, the price of a smooth digital micrometer is in the range of 90-200 euros.A conventional mechanical device can be bought for 19 euros.More complex models with built-in digital display, arms, interchangeable measuring elements are much more expensive.
Important
- Before using the mic, it should be kept and the measuring object of 3:00 in the same temperature range.
- marking on the scale in different micrometers may differ.Therefore, before counting measurements should read the instructions carefully and understand the values caused divisions.
Now you know what a micrometer, and can use it in practice.
