Requirements - lack or need something necessary for normal functioning of human, social groups and society as a whole.They are a driving force for internal activity.
man, as a representative of the animal world, is the physiological needs that is necessary to maintain the safety, metabolism and others.
Determination spiritual needs
spiritual needs of man - is the desire to know the world and their place in it, self-actualization, self-improvement, self-knowledge.
This kind of needs due to the inner world of man, his desire for introspection, concentration on what does not apply to social and physiological needs.His satisfaction contribute to the study of culture, the arts, religion, whose purpose - to understand the higher meaning of existence.
pyramid needs
In general, people's needs are often in the form of a pyramid.Physiological lie at its base and at the top - the spiritual needs of man.These include: self-expression (in sports, religion, science, art, etc.), communication (rights, obligations, etc.), self-assertion (recognition, respect, power, etc.).
In this article, a closer look at this type of human needs.
different classifications needs
presence of multiple different requests due to the complexity of human nature, the diversity of social and natural environment in which there are people.
is difficult to distinguish stable groups, which are classified needs, but it does not stop the researchers.Different authors offer their grounds and reasons of classification.For example, K. Obukhov, Polish psychologist, noted that there are currently 120.
basic needs
dwell on the classification of basic needs, rather generalized and widespread.Basic needs - these are needs that are common to all people.These include: physical, biological, spiritual and social.It is important that they are arranged in hierarchical order.To appear intelligent spirit and requirements necessary to function physiological systems in the body, that is satisfied, and biological material.But not all writers absolutize this dependency.
Specifically, the sequence of satisfaction of the needs there, but you can not think that it is absolutely the same for all individuals.There are cases when the need for spiritual development and creative work has a dominant not once were satisfied other needs (biological, recognition, security and so forth.), And when even the basic requirements for housing, food and safety have not yet been satisfied.
Any of the above needs is focus on this or that subject, it encourages us to to take possession of them.
biological needs require the possession of vital resources and material - material resources needed to meet all the needs, social - forms of communication and interaction with others.Spiritual needs requires mastery of human spirituality.
What is spirituality?Consciousness and Spirituality are the concepts of the same order.However, the spiritual is not any awareness.For example, workers who produce some of the operations on the assembly line of the plant, making them consciously, knowingly.However, these actions lack of spirituality, technology.Alcoholic consciously chooses drinks and snacks.However, when drinking alcohol, he sees no reasonable boundaries of its enslavement of passion does not allow to rise above, it falls into a state of the animal.The main reason for this fall - the lack of spirituality.
Spiritual abilities and needs
spiritual abilities possessed man give rise to spiritual needs.As a child in the first years of life can be seen glimpses of them - anger, fear, pleasure.In young adulthood, and if conditions are favorable, the spiritual development of thinner, expanding, improving, and in the period of old age - resting on our laurels and height over time, as the body weakens, more and more weakened.Spiritual needs of man creates his spiritual life, as appropriate, the development, the influence of the environment and the material body.First there are the other most simple, the most coarse, corresponding primarily to satisfy the request of the strongest material needs, and later appear more complex and subtle.
Human Values
For a long period in the history of mankind to determine which are the leading spiritual needs.They are called universal or other higher values, ie. A. Important for most people.These include, for example, the category of happiness, love, friendship, it is a physical and spiritual closeness with a loved one, a happy family life, a love of children, the presence of loyal friends.This series can be supplemented here and take mental and physical health, the possibility of creative expression, enjoy the beauty of art and nature, interesting work and activities of an active life as a whole.Freedom, that is, independence in actions and deeds, as well as self-confidence, that is independent of the internal contradictions also apply to spiritual needs.
Transcendence
Nikolai Mikhailovich Berezhnaya to explain spirituality in his work "The man and his needs," introduces the concept of transcendence.Volume and multifaceted meaning of this concept is widely disclosed in the philosophical writings of Immanuel Kant.But we are now interested in transcendence only in relation to spirituality.In this sense, it represents a departure from the natural boundaries of the everyday life of the person, beyond the boundaries of their understanding of the world achieved.Transcend the means to overcome the limits of its empirical existence, himself, want to rise above, to strive for greater freedom.
Spirituality is transcendence of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday life to the religious feelings of a comprehensive philosophical comprehension of the world, aesthetic miroperezhivaniya.That is a desire to overcome his consciousness achieve higher goals, adherence to social and personal ideals, supreme values, and self-knowledge.This is expressed in the desire for contemplation of nature, the beautiful, in the interest of the classic works of art and literature.Culture is a spiritual substance, containing all the spiritual development of mankind, its quintessence.
fortitude
term "fortitude" is used in relation to the person being implemented consistently in their lives once the selected ideal to turn this goal into the meaning of its existence.Hard man spirit does not retreat before difficulties, do not panic in front of difficult situations, he does not change his convictions for money or for tactical reasons.He behaves according to the criteria of justice, honor and truth.Education spirituality fortitude - the most noble task for young people because it is the surest route to understanding and finding meaning in life, overcoming setbacks and struggles of life.
spiritual - the most valuable wealth of the person that can not borrow or buy, you can only create his own efforts.Only spiritually rich man capable of strong love, disinterested friendship.Characteristics of spirituality - not only the sphere of consciousness, because it can be implemented in an individual only when he present volitional qualities, the ability to direct the life force in a particular direction.Therefore spiritless people - first of all, spineless, weak-willed.Though it is necessary to clarify that willpower alone is not akin to spirituality.
spiritual - not just awareness
In summary, we note that spirituality - is not just awareness, is a function of the active nature of the individual.Man, accumulating knowledge about the outside world and itself, enriching the internal energy of your consciousness, and energy tends to the expression of the spirit, it happens self.
This desire to ensure that the purchase and enrich spirituality, to learn the inner spiritual world, and is called spiritual needs.Arsenal spirituality is very diverse.This literature in human life, art, knowledge about people, society and the world.As well as music, philosophy, artistic creativity.It will also add the role of religion in human life.
introduction to the spiritual culture of the so-called spiritual consumption - is a process of spiritual needs.
Types spiritual needs
important spiritual need is the desire to know, including external and self-knowledge.It noted philosophers of different epochs.Aristotle wrote that we are all by nature desire to know.Michel de Montel, a French philosopher, who lived in the sixteenth century, argued that the pursuit of knowledge - the most natural of all the others.Aesthetic need is also a very important spiritual needs.Its components: the desire to see the harmony in people and nature, explore the world according to the laws of beauty.This includes literature in human life, painting, music, poetry, desire to improve human relations.Other spiritual need - communication.This includes friendship, love, partnership, attention to each other, psychological and moral support, empathy, compassion, co-creation and exchange of ideas.
Conclusion
needs - the driving force and basis of human behavior, its purpose and motivation.Values - are objects of the external world, serving human needs.Spiritual consumption - a process in which the satisfaction of spiritual needs, personality development.The most important are the need for cognition, communication, as well as aesthetic.
spiritual values, as opposed to the material in the process of consumption do not disappear, but remain part of the spiritual world, enrich it.Understanding, their subjective perception of this is due to a unique individual experience of the individual.Spiritual consumption so often a creative process, which results in a change in the personal qualities of the person, the development of personality.
Formation of spiritual values, their choice to be consumed largely determined by the level of culture of the individual, his education.This is a fairly lengthy process.The higher the general cultural and educational level, the greater the spiritual needs of human demands on the quality of spiritual values.
