Train in China - one of the priorities of transport both near and long distance.Track infrastructure is very well developed and has high quality.In its construction and improvement it took many years, and finance.China Railway has a message transport system of Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, North Korea.
railway history
In various historical periods the construction of railways in China was carried out in different ways.In 1876 it was laid the first web that connects Shanghai to Usuns.
In 1881 it was decided to build a road in the length of ten kilometers from the district to the settlement Tszytan Shantsuan Suyge.In the period from 1876 to 1911 in the country were built paths, the length of which amounted to 9100 km.In 1912 he was offered the first concept of railway construction.By 1949 the length of the fabric in the country reached 26 200 km.
in old China construction was slow pace, in small quantity and low quality.Fabrics laid mainly along the coast.In the south-west and north-west railway was not.The roads were divided into plots and monitored by different institutions.
When New China, there was the Ministry of Railways, the Office which crossed all rail services.It was established program of construction and rehabilitation of trails and bridges.Developed China Railway by 1996 had grown, and its length has reached 64,900 km.Build and repair stations, increased the production of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger cars.
By 2013, the length of railways is 103 144 kms.As a result of changes increase the capacity and speed of movement of trains.Increased volumes of freight and passenger traffic, increased density of trains.
By 2020, the state planned to build more than 120 000 km of roads.China Railway built toward Khabarovsk.In addition, a project that will connect the South Xinjiang Chinese painting with Kyrgyzstan.
scheme railways
Now China's railway infrastructure is one of the most developed.The length of roads in the country currently stands at over 110 000 km.Much attention is paid to the development of railway construction in port areas and to the west, deep into the mainland.
population in China is unevenly distributed, and the highest density scheme of Railways of China is in the south-west and east of the country.To cover the whole territory of the Republic of increasing network of routes, introducing new technologies.
Classification trains
In China, a large number of trains is indicated by letters and numbers.The letter indicates the category of the train.In the category affected by the speed of the train, the service, the number of stops.
- Train type «G» - ultra-fast, can develop the speed to 350 km / h.
- Train type «D» - speed, his speed is more than 200 km / h, the road stops only at major stations.The train consists of cars first, second class, there are beds.
- Train type «Z» - goes without stops, speed develops 160 km / h, stops at major stations.Typically, this is the night train, make it up car with reserved seats and a coupe.
- Train type «T» - Express, its speed reaches 140 km / h, stops in major cities and transport stations.The train cars sitting there, accommodation seats and compartments.
- Train type «K» - has a top speed of 120 km / h, stops in major cities and in the villages.It has a seating cars and accommodation seats.
- Trains without the letter - No Prefix, and include the old structure with a very low rate.
Classes trains
train cars in China can be divided into 4 types (classes).
- soft sleeper - a two-seater coupe or four-seater.
- Hard bedroom - a coupe with six shelves.
- soft seated.
- Hard sitting.
The trains of type «D» there is the notion of "seat of the first and second class", their difference lies in the comfort of armchairs.
High speed trains to China in order to continue to develop dynamically, you need to quickly and easily move around.To this end, the government is doing everything possible.One of the most ambitious infrastructure projects is the construction of China's high-speed network.It has a wide scope, covering most of the country and is one of the most ambitious in the world.Also, the impetus for the construction of these lines was the Olympic Games in 2007.
mainly high-speed railways in China are built on the bridges - they are in the form of bridges length of hundreds of kilometers.The speed of the train is an average of 200 km / h.The length of such paths in China at the end of 2013 was 15 400 km.On the railway there are areas where the maximum speed of the train can develop up to 350 km / h.
In China, there is the following classification of line speed:
- Plain (100-120 km / h).
- medium speed (120-160 km / h).
- -speed (160-200 km / h).
- high-speed (200-400 km / h).
- ultra-high (more than 400 km / h).
Highland line
Alpine builds railway in China, beginning in 1984.First it was easy mastered land, and in 2001 started the development of a complex segment.In summer 2006, it opened the most mountainous railway in the world - the Qinghai-Tibetan.It connects China with Tibet, its length is 1956 km.The length of the path length in 1142 km passes through the mountains.About 550 km of railroad tracks were laid in the area of alpine tundra, the highest elevation of the road up to 5072 meters above sea level.
passengers during the trip does not suffer from the symptoms of altitude sickness, as the cars are sealed, and the air is enriched with oxygen in the cars, there is protection against solar radiation.
alpine tundra zone in the train is moving at a speed of 100 km / h, on the rest of the way the train is moving at a speed of 120 km / h.
Railway from China to Tibet provides a stable connection between the states.Easy and fast access ensured its popularity not only to residents of those countries, but also for tourists.
Railways Hainan
China's high-speed railway development not only on the mainland, but also in the islands.It is interesting and unique construction on the island of Hainan.Railroad on this piece of land is a ring which is conventionally divided into western and eastern halves.The length of the ring is 308 km.Its construction in the western part of the island took place in the difficult period of the Second World War.It was built in parts.Finally, the work will only be completed by 2004.In 2006-2007, it has undergone modernization and now caters to the high-speed train capacity of 120-160 km / h.In 2007, the relationship appears Island Railroad to the mainland using the ferry.
Construction of the line in the eastern part of the island began in late 2007, was completed in 2010 and that same year the second part of the ring was put into operation.
Features of Chinese railways
In China, there is a special mode of admission to the platform.Go to the train is possible only at the time of its submission.The stations, which it passes without stopping, can be observed only employees of the station.
In China, poor transport links with neighboring countries.Despite the fact that there is a through road and the existing infrastructure, the railway is closed from China and abroad have to pass on foot.
Buying a ticket on the train also has its own characteristics.All tickets are sold in China only in the presence of identity documents.Guest Country tickets can only be purchased at the box office.If you purchase the machine requires Chinese ID-card.
There are practically no commuting.
Railway stations in the cities
Chinese railway stations have a typical architecture and similar to each other.The only exceptions are the old platforms in small towns or in cities with a historical past.
new stations built mainly on the outskirts of the village.Existing railway lines transferred from the center, the old buildings are demolished or undergo reconstruction.Chinese stations can be compared to the airport - they are ambitious, equipped with infrastructure and have a lot of levels.
In China, it is impossible to get to the train station without a ticket, only some very limited sector.But the old railway stations on the platform before boarding pass can be, for this you need on hand to buy a special ticket.It gives the right to stay on the platform, but not to land on the train.
Russia-China
paving the way China is historically associated with Russia.In 1897 it began the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), which is the southern branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway.In the period from 1917 to 1950, as a result of military and political action, she was transferred to China and ceased to exist.This happened in 1952.Instead, it appeared on the world map Chinese Changchun Railway.
In the near future the railway China-Russia acquire popularity.A project of the Eurasian high-speed corridor that will connect Beijing and Moscow.Way will be held on the territory of Kazakhstan, while traveling on them will take two days.
