capital of Russia - one of the biggest cities on the planet.Of course, it has all the problems of cities.Chief among them - this is air pollution in Moscow.The problem started more than a decade ago, and every year is only getting worse.This may cause this man-made environmental disaster.
Norma clean air
natural atmosphere - a mixture of gases, the main of which are considered to nitrogen and oxygen.Their volume is 97-99% depending on the location and atmospheric pressure.Also, small amounts of air containing carbon dioxide, hydrogen, noble gases, water vapor.Such a composition is considered optimal for life.The result is a constant circulation of gases in nature.
But human activity contributes to a significant change.For example, just in a closed room without plants one person for a few hours can change the percentage of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor only due to the fact that he will be there to breathe.Imagine what could be air pollution in Moscow today, where millions of people live, travel and work thousands of machines a huge industry?
main contaminants
According to studies, most of the concentration in the atmosphere over the city from phenol, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases, benzopyrene, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide.Therefore, increasing the percentage of these gases entails a reduction in the concentration of oxygen.Today we can say that the level of air pollution in Moscow has exceeded permissible levels by 1.5-2 times, that becomes extremely dangerous for the residents in the area of people.After all, not only do they receive less oxygen they need, so also poison the organism dangerous toxic and carcinogenic gases, which have a huge concentration in the Moscow air even indoors.
sources of air pollution in Moscow
Why does every year in the Russian capital becomes more difficult to breathe?According to recent studies, the main cause of air pollution in Moscow are the cars.They filled the capital for every major highway and a small street in the prospectus and in the courts.83% of the carbon oxides to the atmosphere is due to the operation of internal combustion engines.
in the capital there are several large industrial enterprises, which also are the sources that cause air pollution in Moscow.Although most of them are advanced cleaning system into the atmosphere nevertheless fall life-threatening gases.
third largest pollution source is the large thermal power plants and boiler plants that run on coal and fuel oil.They enrich the metropolis with plenty of air combustion products such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases.
Factors that increase the concentration of harmful substances
is noteworthy that the amount of harmful gases in the air of the Russian capital is not always and everywhere the same.There are several factors that contribute to its purification or more pollution.
According to statistics, one person in Moscow accounted for about 7 square meters of green space.It is very small compared to other big cities.In those regions where the concentration of parks, more air is much cleaner than in the rest of the city.During cloudy weather the air itself can not be cleared, and the land is going to a large number of gases that cause the complaints of local people feeling unwell.Excessive moisture also keeps gases from the earth, causing air pollution in Moscow.But the frosty weather, on the contrary, it is able to temporarily clear.
most contaminated regions
in the capital region is considered the dirtiest industrial South and South-East District.Especially in bad air Kapotnia, Lublin, Marino, Biryulyovo.Here there are large industrial plants.
High levels of air pollution in Moscow and directly in the center.There are no huge companies, but the greatest concentration of vehicles.Besides all remember the famous Moscow traffic jams.It is in these machines produce the most harmful gases because the engines do not operate at full capacity, and oil do not have time to burn completely to form carbon monoxide.
TPP also the most in the central part of Moscow.They burn coal and fuel oil, enriching the air all the same carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases.In addition, they give even dangerous carcinogens that significantly affect the health of Muscovites.
Clean air in Moscow
There in the capital and relatively clean regions where the level of harmful gases close to the norm.Of course, cars and small industry here and leave your negative footprint, but compared to the industrial regions are fairly clean and fresh.Geographically, it is the western areas, especially located outside Moscow.In Yasenevo, Teply Stan and North Butovo can safely breathe.In the northern part of the city as there are several areas that are relatively favorable for a normal life - it Mitino Strogino and Krylatskoye.In all other air pollution in Moscow today can be called close to critical.This is particularly alarming because every year the situation is only getting worse.There are fears that soon the city will remain areas where the air is more or less clean.
Diseases
The inability to breathe normally causes a range of unpleasant sensations and chronic diseases.Particularly sensitive to this, children and the elderly.
Scientists have concluded that air pollution in Moscow has now become the reason for the presence of one in five asthma or asthmatic factor.Children up to five times more likely to suffer from pneumonia, bronchitis, adenoids and polyps of the upper respiratory tract.
Lack of oxygen causes oxygen starvation of the brain.As a result, developing frequent headaches, migraines, reduced level of concentration.Dangerous carbon monoxide causes drowsiness and general fatigue.Against this background, developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurosis.
presence of a large amount of dust in the air does not allow natural filters in the nose to hold it all.It enters the lungs, settles therein and reduces their volume.Also, dust may contain very hazardous substances that accumulate to cause cancerous tumors.
When Muscovites get out of town or in the forest, they begin dizziness and migraine.So the body reacts to unusually large amounts of oxygen, which is released into the blood.This abnormal phenomenon shows the real impact of air pollution in Moscow on human health.
Fighting for air purification
scientists every year carefully studying the causes, factors and rates of air pollution in Moscow.2014 showed that there is a tendency to deterioration, while constantly taking measures to reduce harmful impurities in the air.
The plants and thermal power plants installed filters that keep the most dangerous products of their activities.To unload the car flow construction of new interchanges, bridges and tunnels.To the air was much cleaner constantly increasing green areas.After all, there is nothing that clears the atmosphere, as trees.Accepted and administrative penalties.For the violation of gas exchange and release of large amounts of harmful gases fined the owners of private cars as well as large enterprises.
Still, the results are disappointing forecasts.Soon in Moscow, pure air may become a deficit, as it has already happened in most major cities around the world.To this did not happen tomorrow, it is necessary today to think about whether to leave the car with the engine running for a long time, while you're waiting for someone at the door.
