During pregnancy, the fetus is closely linked to the mother with the help of special education - the umbilical cord.Through it, he gets all the necessities of life and development - oxygen and nutrients.
Many pregnant women during the passage of ultrasound learn that the cord has 3 vessels.They begin to worry and wonder: "Is this normal?"In this article we answer it and tell you all about the umbilical cord, including about its possible pathology.Hopefully, this information will be useful to you.
What is the umbilical cord?What is its structure?
umbilical cord (aka - the umbilical cord) - this is a special education that connects the fetus and afterbirth and allows placental circulation.Outwardly, it resembles a helically stranded cable or harness and a bluish-gray color.At the end of the third trimester, the umbilical cord is 50-60 cm in length and its diameter at the umbilical ring is equal to 1-2 cm. Although there may be observed significant deviations from the mean in either direction.Here is the umbilical cord.Photo shows this.
One end of the umbilical cord attached to the placenta, and the second - to the child in the umbilical ring.To the children's place, he can be connected in various places, including in the center of the side or edge.Occasionally the cord may be attached to the shells at some distance from the edge of the placenta.In this case, it reaches the vessels of child seats, passing between the shells.Throughout the umbilical cord has bends, depressions and bulges, arising from the characteristics of the structure.Normally the umbilical cord has 3 vessels, two of them - is the umbilical artery, and one - a thin-walled, with a wide lumen umbilical Vienna.They are located along the nerve fibers.Nerves and blood vessels of the umbilical cord are surrounded by a special gelatinous connective tissue called Wharton's jelly.It has a protective function, preventing the compression of the arteries.The umbilical cord is covered with the outside of the amnion, which is not short of 0.5-1 cm to the navel, is transformed into the skin of the fruit.
umbilical artery and Vienna.What are their functions?
So, we learned that in normal umbilical cord has 3 vessels.Two umbilical arteries originate from the internal iliac arteriy.Oni transported the baby's blood with carbon dioxide and metabolic products to the placenta.In the placenta, it is saturated with oxygen and essential nutrients to the fetus.Also, the blood is released from carbon dioxide and metabolic products.Next on the umbilical vein, it comes back to the child.About 80% of all blood is delivered to the systemic circulation through the toddler arantsiev duct extending along the bottom surface of the liver and flows into the lower vena cava.The rest of the blood (about 20%) is sent to the portal blood flow between the portal and umbilical veins, through the anastomosis.It carries the blood supply to the liver of the child.
umbilical cord of a newborn.What happens to her after the birth of a baby?
After birth the umbilical cord of a newborn is clamped clamp and then intersects.For the remainder of the umbilical cord, the umbilical region adjacent to the child, ligature or metal bracket Rogovin.After some time, remove the bracket and the cord is removed by cutting off, retreating 2-3 cm from the dressing space.About umbilical ring impose gauze.In the third stage of labor woman gives birth to the remainder of the umbilical cord along with the placenta and fetal membranes.After the appearance of a baby into the world is reduced reflex muscles of arteries, vessels zapustevayut and closed, and the circulation in them ceases.This wise natural mechanism prevents bleeding newborn, in the event that his umbilical cord remained neperevyazannoy.Subsequently vessels turn into scar tissue bands.
Methods state cord
In general, the condition of the cord and its possible pathology detected during pregnancy rather difficult.Typically, an ultrasound diagnosis, which reveals the entanglement umbilical cord around the neck, torso and limbs of the fetus, as well as its presentation.With phonocardiography and auscultation may reveal not only heart disease, but also the noise of the vessels of the umbilical cord, which appears due to the entanglement of the body or the baby's neck.Also, doctors may use a method of color mapping, in which all are well looked umbilical artery Doppler and Vienna in order to assess, in particular, and the condition of utero-placental blood flow.When vaginal study revealed loss of the umbilical cord loops.After the birth of the placenta and afterbirth visiting the umbilical cord and, if necessary, the material is sent for histological examination.
Pathology of the umbilical cord.Entwining
most frequently in clinical practice, there are pathologies like cord entanglement around the neck, body and limbs of the fetus and a significant shortening of the umbilical cord.Absolutely short (less than 40 cm), the cord does not normally move the child, which leads to undesired position in the uterus.During childbirth it is excessively stretched, resulting in the umbilical vessels violated the bloodstream.It impedes the progress of the fetus through the birth canal, which may lead to hypoxia.Sometimes there is a break or a short umbilical cord blood vessels, which can cause the death of the child.Entwining can occur at any length of the umbilical cord.It may be different - single or multiple, tight or loosely, isolated or combined.Tight multiple girth neck or the child's body blood circulation, leading to a shortage of oxygen and threatening premature detachment of placenta.In this case, offer maternity mode of delivery with the help of a caesarean section.
structure anomalies umbilical
We know that in normal umbilical cord has 3 vessels.But sometimes there are anomalies in the number of veins and arteries.5% of multiple pregnancies and about 1% of singleton pathology complicated structure of the umbilical cord, which has only two blood vessels (one artery and one Vienna) instead of three.The cause of this anomaly structure of the cord has not yet been identified.The absence of one umbilical artery uhudschaet placental circulation.This can lead to a variety of birth defects in the fetus, including heart defects, disruption of the urogenital system and the central nervous system of the baby.It is extremely rare aplasia, ie complete absence of the umbilical cord.In this case, the fetus is directly connected to the placenta and its development is seriously impaired.
Sometimes in clinical practice, there are other diseases, including aneurysms umbilical vein, embryonal hernia umbilical cord, true, false nodes, cysts and so on. D.
Instead of conclusion
So, we examined how many vessels should have the umbilical cord.In addition, we have learned how we investigate her condition during pregnancy and after childbirth, and how diseases are detected its structure.Hopefully, now you know what is normal umbilical cord has 3 vessels - two arteries and one vein.They perform an important function of blood to transport the child to and from the placenta.
