history of mankind and the history of military confrontation are inseparable.Unfortunately.Rejecting the philosophical question, many researchers are trying to figure out the ages of root causes for what some people kill others.However, for thousands of years in this regard does not appear anything new: greed and envy, the precarious position of its economy and a desire to harm the neighbor, religious and social intolerance.As you can see, the list is not that long.
But there are nuances.After the First and Second World Wars, humanity is not too inclined to such decisions.If we have some kind of state it is necessary to resolve the conflict with other powers, the military are trying not to conceive of a serious confrontation, limited precision strikes.In some cases, the same results give ethnic and religious differences.
If you have not guessed, explain today the theme of our discussion will be the regional conflicts.What it is and because of what they occur?Is it possible to resolve them, and how to prevent their occurrence in the future?Answers to all these questions people have not found until now, but some patterns have been able to identify.About this talk.
What is it?
in Latin is the word regionalis, which refers to "regional".Accordingly, regional conflicts - a kind of international disputes or military action as a result of religious tensions that arise at some local site and does not directly affect the interests of other countries.In some cases (ethnic conflicts) is so small that two people living in different countries, fighting in border areas, but both powers remain in the normal relationships and at trying to resolve the conflict.
Simply put, these differences translate into local armed confrontation.The most "hot" regions has for decades which are Southeast Asia and Africa, and on the war on the "black continent" rest of the world often do not even realize.Or he knows, but after more than one decade.However, this does not mean that modern regional conflicts in Africa are characterized by small scale: they are extremely bloody and brutal, sometimes even cases of prisoners sale of meat (in the truest sense of the word).
World examples of conflicts at the regional level
One of the outcomes of the Second World was the division of Korea into two independent states.Arena confrontation between them has served as one of the stumbling blocks in the policy of the USSR and the West.Almost all the regional political conflicts that are shaking the world today, in varying degrees, affect the interests of Russia and NATO.
It all began with the fact that in 1945 joined the Soviet-American troops entered the territory of the said countries in order to release it from the Japanese army.However, the traditional and the differences between the Soviet Union and the United States, though allowed to expel the Japanese, the Koreans themselves but to unite and could not.Finally they went their way in 1948 when the DPRK and the ROK were formed.Since then, over half a century has passed, but the situation in the region and to this day remains extremely tense.
Not long ago, North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, even announced the possibility of a nuclear confrontation.Fortunately, the two sides did not go to a further aggravation of relations.And it pleases, because all regional conflicts 20-21 century may well turn into something much more terrible than the two world wars.
The Sahara is not all easy ...
In the mid-1970s, Spain finally gave up attacks on Western Sahara, after which the area was placed under the control of Morocco and Mauritania.Now it is under the full control of the Moroccans.But it did not save the last of the problems.Even in the era of the rule of the Spaniards, they encountered insurgents who have declared their ultimate goal the creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).Oddly enough, but "fighters for a brighter future" is already recognized by more than 70 countries.From time to time at meetings of the UN raised the issue of the final "legalization" of the state.
Is there a more famous regional conflicts?The examples that we gave, he knows not everyone.Yes, plenty!
This opposition probably know, if not all, then most.In 1947, that same UN decided that the former British fiefdoms, Palestine, created two new states: Israel and Arab.In 1948 (yes, the year was rich in events) was proclaimed the establishment of the country of Israel.As expected, the Arabs did not pay any attention to the UN decision, but because once started a war against the "infidels."They overestimated their strength: Israel captured most of the territories, which were originally intended for the Palestinians.
Since then did not pass a single year without provocation and constant skirmishes on the borders of both countries.France is particularly interesting attitude to regional conflicts in the region: on the one hand, the government of Israel supports Holanda.But on the other hand, no one will forget the supply of French arms "moderate" insurgents igil who do not mind wipe Israel off the face of the earth.
war in Yugoslavia
most serious regional conflict on European soil in 1980 are the events that took place in the then united Yugoslavia.In general, since the First World War, the fate of the country was extremely difficult.Despite the fact that many people in the area have the same origin, there were disagreements between them on religious and ethnic grounds.In addition, the situation is aggravated by the fact that different parts of the state were at very different stages of economic and social development (which always encourages local and regional conflicts).
It is not surprising that all these contradictions in the horse ends resulted in fierce domestic opposition.It became the bloodiest war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Only Imagine this explosive mix: half of the Serbs and Croats professed Christianity, and the other half - Islam.Terrible civil war, caused by religious differences, and there were "preachers of jihad," there is nothing ... The road to peace was a long, but in the mid-90s, being nourished by NATO bombing, war broke out with renewed vigor.
However, all regional conflicts, examples of which we have cited and present, has never been a small number of victims.Terrible thing that killed mostly civilians, while the loss of the military in these wars are not so great.
General explanation
root causes can be many.But with all their diversity should be remembered that, in contrast to the last full-scale war, regional conflicts never occurred for some trifling occasions.If we are such a confrontation unfolded on the territory of a certain state (or states), even if outwardly successful, this fact testifies to the grave social problems that for decades remained unresolved.So what are the main causes of regional conflicts?
conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (1989) demonstrated that powerful before the Soviet empire is in very poor condition.Local authorities, which, according to many domestic researchers had already completely fused with ethnic criminal groups, not only were not interested in resolving the conflict, but directly opposed purely "decorative" Soviet power in an attempt to a peaceful settlement."Decorative" - the perfect definition for the Moscow authorities in the region at the time.
no real levers of influence (except military) of the USSR had been here, and the political will to correct and large-scale use of troops was long gone.As a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh not only actually moved away from the mother country, but in many ways contributed to the disintegration of the country.Here are some causes of regional conflicts.
Features of regional conflicts in the former USSR
matter how fresh or heard the words of the hymn "fraternal peoples of the Union ...", they were never particularly relevant.The party leadership did not advertise it too, but in the Soviet Union lacked the controversy that inevitably would cause the end of the war.Perfect example - the Ferghana Valley.An eerie mix of Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs and Russian seasoned clandestine preachers of radical Islam ... the authorities prefer to bury our heads in the sand, and the problem grew, shiryas and increasing like a snowball.
first riots took place in 1989 (remember the Karabakh).When the Soviet Union broke up, the slaughter began.We started with the Russian, but because together with the Tajiks, Uzbeks clashed.Many experts agree that the main instigator made Uzbekistan, whose members still prefer to broadcast "of the external enemies" who "quarreled" Uzbeks with other nations.Claims local "rulers" do not meet the specific understanding neither Astana nor in Bishkek, not to mention Moscow.
about the reasons of local wars in the territory of the former Soviet Union
What we say this?The fact is that almost all (!) Of regional conflicts on the territory of the Soviet Union emerged is not "suddenly".All the assumptions of their occurrence was well known to the central authority, which, meanwhile, was trying to hush up and translate into "domestic conflicts."
main feature of local wars in the territory of both our country and the CIS, was precisely the ethnic and religious intolerance, the development of which made a supreme party leadership (and then at point-blank not to notice its manifestations), actually kept itself aloof from all liability and farmed outlocal criminal groups almost all the Central Asian republics.As we already know, all this cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people who have taken these international and regional conflicts.
It follows another feature local clashes throughout the former Soviet Union - their exceptional bloody.No matter how terrible or were fighting in Yugoslavia, they do not go to any comparison with the Fergana massacre.Not to mention the events in the Chechen and Ingush republics.How many people died of all nationalities and religions, it is not known so far.Now recall the regional conflicts in Russia.
Conflicts of regional importance in contemporary Russia
From 1991 to now, our country continues to reap the benefits of a suicidal policy of the USSR in the Central Asian region.The most frightening result is considered the first of Chechnya, and its continuation was not much better.These local-regional conflicts in our country will be remembered for a long time.
Background Chechen conflict
As in all previous cases, the background of the events were laid long before their implementation.In 1957, the Chechen Autonomous all deportees were returned in 1947, representatives of the indigenous population.The results were not long in coming: in 1948 it was one of the calmest republics in those places, then in 1958 there was a mutiny.Its initiators, however, were not Chechens.On the contrary, people are protesting against the atrocities, who created the Vainakh and Ingush.
Few people know about this, but the mode of emergency was lifted only in 1976.However, this was only the beginning.Already in 1986, Russian was dangerous to appear on the streets of Grozny alone.There were times when people were killed in the middle of the street.Happy!By early 1991, the situation is so tense that the most far-sighted had almost fighting to break towards the Ingush border.While local police showed his best side, helping robbed people selected from the territory, which has suddenly become hostile.
In September 1991, the republic declared its independence.In October the president had been elected to the notorious Dzhokhar Dudayev.By 1992, on the territory of "independent Ichkeria" were concentrated thousands of "fighters for the faith."With arms problems have arisen since that time all units of the SA were in the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, appeared looted.Of course, such details as the payment of pensions, salaries and allowances, the leadership of the "young and independent state" safely forgotten.Tensions increased ...
Consequences
Grozny airport became a world center for smuggling, slave trade flourished in the republic, they prey on Russian trains that went through the territory of Chechnya.Only in the period from 1992 to 1994 killed 20 railway workers, the slave trade flourished.As for the Russian-speaking residents of peace, only according to the OSCE, the number of missing has more than 60 thousand (!) People.From 1991 to 1995, on the territory of Chechnya unfortunate deaths and missing more than 160 thousand people.Of these, only 30 thousand were Chechens.
Surrealism situation was that all the time from the federal budget in Chechnya were regularly money to "pay salaries, pensions and social benefits."Dudayev and associates these tools properly spent on weapons, drugs and slaves.
Finally, in December 1994 in the breakaway republic were put troops.And then there was the infamous New Year's assault on Grozny turned huge losses and a disgrace to our army.Just to February 22 troops still took the city, which at that time was quite a bit.
Out of all this is that in 1996 signed the shameful Khasavyurt peace.If someone will study the settlement of regional conflicts, the signing of this agreement should be considered only in the light of how it is not necessary (!) To reconcile the parties.
As you might guess, nothing good comes out of this "world" did not work: the territory of the Chechen Republic was established Wahhabi state.From republic river flowed drugs, it imported slaves Slavic nationalities.The militants got their hands on almost all trade in the region.But in 1999 the action Chechens finally exceeded all limits.Government surprisingly indifferent to the deaths of their citizens, but not a flat militant attacks on Dagestan.The second Chechen campaign.
Second World War, however, this time the militants everything went so smoothly.Firstly, the population of the country was far from delighted with the "freedom", for which it is the same and fought.Arrived in Chechnya mercenaries from Arab countries, Africa, the Baltic countries and Ukraine will soon have demonstrated that there is no "sharia" will not.Rights was the one who had weapons and money.Of course, Dagestanis - for the same reason - to meet the invading its territory militants with open arms (which last a very calculated), and bullets.
This war is different in that the side of the federal forces openly sided with the Kadyrov clan.Behind them stretched the other Chechens, and militants have not seen the full support of the local population (in theory).The second Chechen war was much more successful, but it was delayed for 10 years.Counter-terrorist operation was repealed only in 2009.However, many military experts were skeptical, noting that militants creeping guerrilla activity will continue for a long time.
As you can see, locally-regional conflicts bring grief is no less than a full-scale war.The tragedy in the fact that the war in this case does not help to resolve the contradictions, which served her cause.We will long remember the regional conflicts in Russia, as they are very much brought misery and suffering to all nations who participated in them.
