Today more and more people become interested in not only the ruble exchange rate, but also those events that affect it.Delving into the subject, they are faced with the question: "What is the Geopolitics?"This is the theoretical or applied science?What is behind this concept and, more importantly, how it affects the life of every individual?Let's try to understand.
What is geopolitics?
This scientific discipline emerged in the middle of the last century.That is to say, "spun off" it is the economic geography.
It considers the interests of the State apart from human values.I introduced him to the use of Rudolf Challen, a Swedish political scientist.In his work "The State as a body," he attempted to analyze how the targets appear and formed the country, depending on its geographical location.So he gathered into one thought of those scientists who have tried to understand and formulate principles and laws that affect any power, regardless of social, religious or other of its devices.If we talk about the term, that is to break it into its component parts, it is clear that it is a synthesis of two sciences - geography and politics.Their laws are to some extent joined the new discipline.Those who have not yet realized what the geopolitics: the science of the formation and development of the interests of States that determine the distribution of the territories on the world map.
meaning depends on the context
Far from any member of the expert community can understand the basis of the scientific definition of the term used by him.Many in his own understanding of what geopolitics.This is - a system of knowledge and rules that claim alone.
No, rather it is a scheme by which you can be more aware of the patterns of development of political processes, say others.All this is true.Just different "angles" of the same volume is enough "phenomenon."One approach to this discipline very lucidly revealed in the book "Geopolitics, as is the" N. Starikov.In simple language, based on the known facts, it demonstrates the attentive reader laws of this discipline in the historical perspective.For example, why at a time when Europe was considered a prosperous territory, on its open spaces there were no serious differences between the states, creates the preconditions for the start of the First World War?If we consider the question of how to teach the analyst of geopolitics, it is possible to reveal the hidden differences that lead to armed conflict.
spectrum of the issues
At the beginning of its establishment, the discipline specialized in the issues of the political structure of the world, explaining its relationship to their geographical location, as well as historical and mechanisms of control over people and territory.Now science is studying global processes, the formation and development of the superpowers.The critical question for today - the prospects for the creation of a multipolar world - one of those that now studying geopolitics.How this is done, you need to take, what principles guided the scientists are trying to answer.
world is quite complicated, involves a number of factors, each of which affects the overall picture of it.Therefore, the analyst of geopolitics should be based on historical materials, economic theories, geographic data, sociological studies.To deal with these subjects, it is necessary to have a huge system of knowledge in many industries.
methodology
said that history does not know the subjunctive mood.The same applies to geopolitics.You can not, as is commonly believed, to apply empirical methods in the study of the subject.Imagine what might get careless experimenter if zateet unreasoned experience.For his actions concerning the fate of the huge number of people, if not the whole of humanity.The study conducted by the subject assay.Thus it break apart.It should be a deep understanding of historical events, economic and social processes, and then require the synthesis of the results, taking into account the geographical position of certain countries and groups.
basic laws
discipline proposes to consider the state as a living organism.It creates, develops, affecting its neighbors and the world.The country itself is considered in terms of its position, territory, resources.In some theories of thinkers it was made to oppose the country's sea and land.Those whose tied to logistics ships were supposed to grow faster than those who need roads.This two civilizations are in constant confrontation, which often leads to aggression.For example, the geopolitics of the United States (the sea) is directed to the use of foreign resources, both natural and human.This superpower interferes in the affairs of other countries, trying to get certain benefits, "swallow" their people and territory.In contrast to the geopolitics of Russia (the land) has always been aimed at creating partnerships.That is, objectives for the development of mutually beneficial areas.
School geopolitics
Due to the fact that all of the science of mankind is divided into two conditional credit, it is clear that each of them to develop their own views.It should be noted that the opinion they justify the same doctrine.Nevertheless distinguish two schools, which are called continental European and Anglo-American (sea and land conventionally).The differences are rooted in their history.They can be identified with respect to the efficiency of use of force.Europe (suspended) refers to the wars in disgust as her story is full of bloody conflicts.Conceptually, this school offers in relationships based on state rules and regulations, which are developed jointly.This is the Geopolitics and Russia.It stands on the international stage the principles of peaceful conflict resolution.Opposite point of view adheres to the Anglo-American school.It is assumed here that one can not rely on arrangements that may be violated at any time.It is basing its policy only on the power of weapons.
Application
practical benefits of the subject overestimate extremely difficult.It is already becoming clear to ordinary people.The world is said to be a result of globalization, it has become a very "small."From the actions of individual states often it affects the lives of many people.That is, the objectives pursued by the superpower are achieved, in the end, due to the well-being and sometimes life of a single person.The geopolitics of the world is becoming one of the most important media.People need to know about why there are certain things about them personally.And also to understand how to use them for their own purposes or that force.This requires them to navigate.States also use geopolitics to predict events, building its own line of conduct.
modern example
Everybody knows now the events in Ukraine.The fact that this country has become a place of confrontation between the two geopolitical forces, not only speaks lazy.Who and why began to influence events in the territory?Simplistically it can be represented this way.United States (sea) needed expansion of influence.They aim to strengthen its influence in the European zone (land).Ukraine is geographically very well located in the center of the area.In addition, the territory passes gas transit linking EU and Russian economies.After gaining control of the country with its "pipe" can effectively influence the partners associated gas contracts.It is understood that "against" the state, who are losing their economic benefits.First of all Russia.So the two forces clashed, the objectives of which are diametrically opposed.
Features national geopolitics
world came to the level when the question of his device is becoming increasingly important.Leaders of the Russian Federation focuses on the problem countries.This was stated by the President of Russia in the Valdai forum.His speech touched not only critics of the modern world, but also offers a fundamentally new form of relations between states.Russian geopolitics founded on historically formed confidence equality of all countries.In the world, everyone has their own interests, which must be respected and understood by all the others.For any question, you can and should negotiate without the use of threats or weapons.A multipolar world is just starting to schedule its forms and venues.It is important that he was able to do without unnecessary unreasonable sacrifices.
