the winter in sub-zero air temperature start of the engine is much more complicated.Cold start, especially in diesel engines requires high voltage operating systems and patient driver.To make it easier to scroll through the crankshaft, it is necessary to know exactly what kind of oil to fill in for the winter in a car engine.
Recommendations producer
First and foremost when choosing a winter grease should refer to the manufacturer's recommendations.Each car comes with instruction manual, in which the manufacturer indicates clearly what kind of oil to pour into the winter this model (which brand and what the parameters).If the service book for some reason there is no any information in it is not relevant (for example, brands such outdated and no longer manufactured), the liquid will have to choose based on the parameters and tolerances.But if they are out of date, and lubrication of these criteria does not pick up, then you need to look more closely into the state of the market for cars chemistry, since it will be possible to rely only on themselves and on their own knowledge.In advance should clarify that it is not necessary to buy oil, based on the tip of the seller or friends reviews.Unfortunately, the average buyer can not be confidence in the competence and integrity of the merchants, and from a friend can be a completely different car, so that it is suitable for your "swallows" could be the worst option.
Types of engine oil on the chemical composition
originally used for vehicles only mineral motor oil.The name "mineral" speaks for itself - it means that the liquid is made of natural ingredients (oil).But mineral engine oil for the winter categorically does not fit, especially in places where the temperature drops well below -10 degrees Celsius - it just freezes in the engine.
was then created synthetic motor oil with the help of the synthesis of molecules that provide more or less the same parameters when changing operating temperatures.
There is this kind of as a semi-synthetic oil.It is a natural base with the addition of artificial joints.
Each type has its pluses and minuses.As mentioned above, the liquid mineral composition is not suitable for operation at low temperatures, but it cleans the engine from sludge and sediment slowly and gradually, otslaivaya "garbage" in small pieces.Then, when you replace it simply with working displays.
semisynthetics is more resistant to temperature changes, but it is engine oil for the winter, too, is not suitable, since the low temperature threshold is too high, if you look at the thermometer.
synthetic fluid is the most popular, as designed for different temperatures (depending on the classification), but does not lose its performance at heating or cooling of the engine, roughly speaking, synthetics "adjusted."But if the engine has been used previously in poor quality or improper lubrication "chemistry" and he covered the inside of the filter cake and coke, then going to the highest quality synthetics can happen fast detachment "rubbish", because of this oil channels and filter are clogged.And then have to pay to repair the engine, which is not cheap.Therefore, if you do not know what to fill in before and how many thousands of kilometers passed without change, it is best to pour the cleaning liquid into the motor, and then the new oil, and several subsequent cycles to make the replacement more often than recommended by the manufacturer.
Viscosity
When choosing what kind of oil to fill the winter, first of all need to pay attention on the viscosity - is one of the most important indicators of the performance of the lubricant.
The bottom line is that the parts of the engine at work rubbing against each other at high speed.Between them must be present an oil film, which, on one hand, will reduce the friction force, and therefore, heating and wear, and on the other hand, will ensure tightness by friction (e.g., cylinders).If the engine oil in the winter will be too thick, that is, will have a higher viscosity, the system will be given to every move with difficulty, requiring increasing efforts and hard work of the engine output will be low.If the oil is too thin, it will just flow down the details, without providing a layer between the piston and cylinder wall, ie the friction metal will wear out and depleted.
engine operating temperature is constantly changing.If the machine is, the temperature is equal to ambient temperature.When the engine is warming up before you start driving, the temperature slowly rising.When driving, it depends on the efforts of the motor can rise and fall in the process.Then the question arises what the best oil for winter use, when cold it thickens and becomes liquid when heated.
To provide comprehensive protection in the cold season at a low temperature the oil must be sufficiently fluid to facilitate easy start the engine and avoid oil starvation, and with an increase in operating temperature it should be thick enough to create a film of oil.
classification of motor oil SAE
American Society of Automotive Engineers has established the classification of oil viscosity, which is now used worldwide.This is discussed later.
winter oil
Previously, the question of what kind of oil is best used in the winter, not even standing in front of motorists.The answer was unequivocal - the winter.According to the SAE it is designated by the letter W after the digital value (winter - "winter").The packaging indicated: SAE 0W or SAE 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W.The number before the W said the buyer about what the lowest temperature can withstand oil, without causing damage to power package.Before winter motorist is required to change the oil on a suitable weatherproof his region, no matter how much he rolled on the previous lubricant.The winter does not thicken the oil at low temperatures, but it was too liquid if the temperature rises.
Summer oil
On the SAE summer oil represents a single digit (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40).It meant the upper limit temperature at which the liquid can be used.The higher the air temperature in summer in the region, the more index had to buy oil, to keep it viscous enough in hot weather.
multigrade oil
Recently these types of grease, as the summer or winter oil are gone, as is commonly used multigrade oil.It is much easier to handle, it does not need to make it mandatory replacement before each new season, searching for oil with a different classification of the same brand as the previous one.Multigrade oil is indicated by two digits and the letter W between them.The first digit indicates "winter" rates of liquid (it depends on it, what kind of oil to fill the winter), and the second - the "summer".This multi-purpose grease, of course, has the upper and lower thresholds for temperature, but anyone can pick up the oil, which will fit into the desired range.This winter it will remain fluid enough, and in the summer will maintain its viscosity.
oil selection of the SAE for a particular climate
- SAE 20W-40 - from -10 to +45;
- SAE 15W-40 - from -15 to +45;
- SAE 10W-40 - -20 to +35;
- SAE 10W-30 - -20 to +30;
- SAE 5W-40 - from -25 to +35;
- SAE 5W-30 - from -25 to +20;
- SAE 0W-40 - from -30 to +35;
- SAE 0W-30 - from -30 to +20.
As seen from the list, for the inhabitants of temperate latitudes perfect Oil 5W40 in winter, as it is easy to endure low temperatures and will not flow during warming.They may be safely used all year round.
classification engine oil for API
American Institute of fuel created another classification that should be considered when selecting oil for the winter.As a rule, this figure shows a lubricant.Manufacturers are not required to verify their product by API and post information about it on the label, but most of it low-quality liquid does not pass this procedure.As every motorist trying to pour oil on the best winter, you should look for lubricant with this indicator.
The API system has two main designations.Letter S tells the buyer that this oil only for petrol engines and the letter C is reported that the liquid can be poured only in the diesel engine.Sometimes the package you can find a double designation that looks or because - S ... / C ..., or so - C ... / S ... In the first case, the oil is best suited gasoline cars, but the manufacturer allows its use in diesel cars in the second case -vice versa.
And classification S, and classifications have additional parameters that are important when choosing what kind of oil to pour in the winter.
for gasoline engines
- SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF - obsolete classes that are no longer used.This oil, which is suitable for engines 1930-1989 biennium.Release.
- SG - oil for engines produced since 1989.Protects motor against fouling and corrosion and oxidation.
- SH - engine oil since 1994 of release.Improved protection against fouling, corrosion and oxidation reduces wear.Suitable if the recommended class SG and below.
- SJ - oil engines under 1996.It has all the qualities of the previous, superior antinagarny complex, more precise work in the cold.Suitable if the recommended class SH, and below.
- SL - oil for multi-valve and turbocharged engines manufactured since 2000.The increased quality control for motors that are recommended SJ class and below.
- SM - oil for modern engines (2004).Improved protection against wear and soot accumulation.This engine oil is suitable for all engines, which recommended lubricant class below.Today is the best motor oil for the winter.
For diesel engines
- CA, CB, CC, CD, CE - older classes.
- CF - for engines in 1990 with indirect injection.It contains additives to reduce fouling, corrosion, oxidation and wear.Acceptable use at the recommended class CD.
- CG - for engines after 1995 release, which are subjected to high loads.Avtomasla prevents the accumulation of sludge and soot, oxidation and the formation of foam.
- CH - engine oil since 1998.It has all the above qualities, but additionally meets the standards of exhaust gas.
- CI - class, adopted in 2002.The oil meets all environmental standards, has a cleaning additive.Reduces the amount of soot and carbon deposits, has increased turnover.The best engine oil for the winter for the new diesel engines.
figure 2 or 4 after the literal value indicates what the engine - two-stroke or four-- suitable lubricant.
classification engine oil for ACEA
ACEA - an analogue of API, only European.The label usually indicates information according to any one of these classifications, but can be found either.
- letter G indicates that the oil is suitable for the petrol engine and the numbers from 1 to 5 talk about its quality.
- letters PD indicate that the oil is suitable for diesel engines in passenger cars, the numbers 1 and 2 indicate quality.
- Letter D with numbers from 1 to 5 means that the lubricant is designed for diesel engines of trucks.
What should be done before winter
Before you think about what kind of oil to fill the winter, make sure that the car is ready for high loads and low temperatures.This is especially true owners of diesel cars, which often have to give up their "swallow" in the parking lot or near the house and run to a stop public transport.
most important and the first thing - the battery and the starter must be in good working order!If you have minimal problems with the battery in the autumn, in the winter they are brought to you in a larger size.After checking these components, you can continue to reflect on what kind of oil to pour in the winter, but it's not just the engine oil and transmission, the lubricating fluid in the bridge and power steering (if present).Also, change the options in the winter antifreeze and windshield fluid.In the first case - that the water does not freeze in the system, while the second - to secure good visibility while driving.
Just Decide what kind of oil is best to fill the winter in your engine, is sent to storm the shops with car care products.Lucky road!
