Haze - a natural phenomenon in which electric charges are formed within the cloud or between the cloud and the earth's surface.In such weather there are dark storm clouds.Typically, this event is accompanied by thunder, rain, hail and strong winds.
Education
in order to build a thundercloud, you must have several factors for the development of concepts such as convection.These structures are sufficient moisture for precipitation and elements of cloud particles in the liquid and ice state.
promotes convection thunderstorms in such cases:
• uneven heating of air near the earth's surface and in its upper layers.An example is the different temperatures of land and water surface;
• during displacement of warm air in cold atmospheric layers;
• thundercloud appears when climbing in the mountains the air.Each
a cloud passes cumulus stage, the mature stage of a thunderstorm and decay.
structure
movement and distribution of electrical charges around and inside the storm cloud - is a continuous and ever-changing process.Dipole structure is dominant.Its meaning is that the negative charge is located at the bottom of the cloud, and the positive - at the top.Atmospheric ions move under the influence of an electric field created at the boundaries of the so-called cloud shielding layers, covering their electric structure.
Depending on the geographic location of the main negative charge is located where the air temperature is between -5 to -17 ° C.The density of the space charge is 1-10 C / cu km.
Moving thunderclouds
rate of any cloud, including lightning, depends on the movement of the earth.The rate of movement of isolated thunderstorms often as high as 20 km / h, and sometimes all of 65-80 km / h.The latter phenomenon occurs during movement of active cold fronts.In most cases, during the collapse of the previous storm cells formed new ones.
Storm in action results in energy.It lies in the latent heat released when water vapor condensation to form cloud drops.Estimates of the energy storms in general can be made based on the amount of precipitation.
distribution
the same time on our planet, there are thousands of storm clouds in which the average number of lightning reaches one hundred per second.They are not evenly distributed over the surface of the Earth.Over the oceans the weather there is ten times less than over the continents.Storm clouds are most often found in areas of tropical and subtropical climates.Lots of lightning discharges are concentrated in Central Africa.
in areas such as Antarctica and the Arctic, lightning activity generally does not happen.In contrast, mountainous areas such as the Cordillera and the Himalayas are familiar terrain for such lightning phenomena, like a thundercloud.At times, this weather is happening in most of the summer in the daytime and rarely evening and morning.
Thunderstorms other natural phenomena
Thundercloud usually accompanied by heavy rain-showers.On average, in this weather drops 2 thousand. Cubic meters of sediment.When larger storms - ten times more.
Smerch (Tornado as well) - it is a vortex that creates a thundercloud.He goes down, often up to the ground level.Looks trunk formed from the cloud, the size of hundreds of meters.The diameter of the funnel is typically about four meters.
In addition to these natural phenomena thundercloud promotes the appearance of squalls and downstream.The latter arises at a height where the ambient temperature is less than in the surrounding medium.The flow becomes even colder when it melts icy precipitation particles that evaporate into cloud droplets.
Pervasive downdraft forms a clear difference in color between the warm moist and cold air.Movement Squall front is easily recognized by the sharp drop in temperature - five degrees Celsius and more - and a strong wind (can reach and exceed 50 m / s).
Destruction tornado has a circular shape, and the downdraft - a straight line.Both phenomena in the final result in the rain.In rare cases, the rainfall evaporates during the fall.This phenomenon is called "dry storm."In other cases occur rain, hail, and then the flood.
Safety
There are a number of rules of conduct during weather that accompanies thunder and lightning.Storm clouds are extremely dangerous for the life of all beings, not only on the street (although it is the greatest risk), but also near the window indoors.It is important to know that lightning discharges often beat the tall buildings.This is because the electrical particles follow the path of least resistance.
During a thunderstorm, try not to be in the vicinity of power plants and transmission lines, under high trees standing alone, in an open area (such as a field or meadow of the valley).Dangerous is swimming in the river, lakes and other bodies of water, because water has a good electrical conductivity.
plane, which flies through the cumulonimbus cloud, gets into a zone of turbulence.At such moments, transport rolls on all sides by the flow of the cloud.Passengers felt a strong shaking, and the plane - load, which for him is extremely undesirable.
has a high risk of the use of motorcycles, bicycles or other items that are made of metal.Also to be life threatening at any elevation, such as the roofs of the houses, which are closest thunderclouds.Photo of such natural phenomena give the impression of beauty and effectiveness, but the risk monitoring of such weather in the street can cost a man his life.
