When a first spring mushroom?Of course, every year - differently.However, there are some general patterns that notices experienced mushroom pickers.Spring mushrooms appear as soon as the soil thawed.After the snow melts, as the top layer of the earth warms up, starts to revive and develop mycelium.In central Russia this occurs around the end of April.
Who's first?
first appear poisonous mushrooms small size.Surely every attentive person paid attention to the thin unsightly mushrooms, which can be found in the forests, fields and even in the garden during the warm days of the first spring.The leaves on the trees yet, the grass is green only beginning to emerge, and grebes can already be found.Of course, they are not suitable foods.
What first spring edible mushrooms?
Edible mushrooms begin to appear a little later.In the southern regions of the country can be found at the end of April, in the central and northern regions - in the early or mid-May.Going spring collect mushrooms, you should always remember to be careful.At that time, an enormous amount of toxic and so-called "false" fungi, which can easily be confused with edible.So, how are called the first spring mushrooms that can be eaten?Of course, this morels.
More about morels
This spring edible mushrooms.For example, in Moscow, they are already beginning to be considered a rarity.They can be found in every forest.Some people believe that they will gradually disappear.In our country and in Europe known as edible morels from the middle of the XVI century.A detailed description can be seen in the European books on botany and Russian Travnik.
They appear singly or in groups in the forests, parks, and they can be found in gardens and orchards.Growing up near deciduous trees: poplar, aspen, alder, and so on.. These spring mushroom found during the flowering fruit crops.There are different types of morels:
- morel ordinary;
- round;
- cone;
- Smorchkova cap and so on. D.
describes the most common morels.
Morel ordinary
cap height - 8 cm, thickness - 6 cm. She herself ovoid, fused to the edge of the leg.Inside the hollow cap, the outside is covered with small pits of irregular shape, which resemble a honeycomb cell.Painting her brown or yellowish-brown.The stem has a length of about 7 cm, a thickness of 2 cm, a hollow, cylindrical, whitish yellow color.Flesh thin, brittle, waxy.
Conical morel
cap height to 6 cm, thickness up to 5 cm. Externally, sometimes ovoid tapered edges fused with her foot.Inside the cap is hollow on the surface of cells are elongated.Painting her dark brown or gray-yellow-brown.The length of legs up to 5 cm, its thickness is 2 cm. A cylindrical, hollow, painted white or slightly yellowish color.The flesh of her thin, fragile, waxy.
Smorchkova cap
cap height to 6 cm, width up to 5 cm. The appearance of its bell-shaped, reminiscent of a thimble.Outside, she wrinkled with neprirosshimi edges to the leg, has numerous longitudinal folds.Stained brown or yellow.The length of legs up to 15 cm, thickness 3 cm. White or cream color.The very foot cylindrical first cotton-like inside, and later becomes hollow.Pulp brittle, waxy.
Toxic if morels?
These spring mushrooms pictures which you can see in this article do not contain toxic substances.It is quite valuable forest products in high demand in the West.For example, in the US they are considered among the best.In the US, morels stand out against other fungi and their cost, which often exceeds $ 150 per 1 kg.So fear them not - these spring edible mushrooms.
Given that morels can be confused with the lines (of which describe below), it is necessary before using them for food thermal treatment.Boil them for 15-20 minutes, then change the water and repeat the process.Then they need to rinse with cold water, and then fry or cook without fear for their health.All poisonous toxins pass from the fungus in the water by boiling.
Lines
In Russia, you can find two of their kind: ordinary and a giant.The lines in the woods can be seen more often, they are more hardy and undemanding to external conditions.Like morels, they are grown under deciduous trees, and the like arranged around the rotting trunks, branches and stumps.Different lines of bulky irregular-shaped hats, which have deep crinkles.Feet at them too sinuous and powerful, painted in a grayish-white color.The cap can be ocher, light brown or tan.
Edible whether lines?
Russian experts believe these mushrooms conditionally edible.Other words, they are suitable in food, but only after boiling.As for the professionals from the West, they believe that the lines are classified as toxic.This is due to the documented cases of severe poisoning these fungi, some of which are fatal.There were all of these cases, because people used lines in the food raw, like morels.
In fact, these fungi do contain poisonous toxins that are destroyed by heat treatment.Our pickers preferably carried out repeatedly processing line.Reboiling these fungi leads to the destruction of toxins, which minimizes the risk of poisoning.Of course, we do not recommend collecting data mushrooms inexperienced people who do not know how to handle them.
Safety
First, if a person wanted to try a line, it should comply with all the rules listed above.Second, if there is a fraction of a doubt, is that everything is done correctly, it is best to give them up.In addition, if an inexperienced mushroomer gyromitra difficult to distinguish from the morel, then collect them yourself is not worth it.It is not recommended to buy the mushrooms on the market, or from strangers.Among them can be poisonous items, and do not know where they were collected.If mushrooms grow along the road or in places with unfavorable environment, in this case, even morels can harm health.
peziza orange
This is another first spring mushroom.This small mushrooms bright orange.Young specimens are similar to bowls, in the future they become flat, mimicking the plates and saucers.The people call them blyudtsevikami.Mushrooms is a relative of the morels and the lines.They grow on the ground, along forest trails and clearings.Often they appear in the place where used to be fires.
Can you eat them?
Orange peziza - edible mushroom spring, unlike their counterparts brown.They have virtually no odor and a taste altogether absent.They are often used for pickling, along with assorted mushrooms, as they give it brightness.They can fry, boil, however, they lose their color, but keep it in pickled form.These spring mushrooms, photos of which you can see in this article, are often used to decorate the various dishes and salads.Dried mushroom pulverized and added it into dressings and sauces in order to give them an orange color.
And finally, once we recall that for safety lines and morels should be boiled twice before eating.A peziza only edible bright orange.All shades of brown and gray colors indicate poisonous mushrooms.Be careful and go into the forest only accompanied by experienced mushroom pickers.
