Regardless of what a person creates, whether it is an advertisement, a picture or a page on the Internet, it must be pleasing to the eye.Therefore, almost all the designers, illustrators, and some artists use various schemes selection tsvetov.Samoy common of these is the color wheel.It allows you to pick up a harmonious and pleasant combination, but in order to take advantage of such a thing, you must know how it works.There are rules and nuances that have to be taken into account when using this tool.Of course, there are people for whom it is useless.With an innate talent, they have to face to find the right combination of colors and shades.But now it's not about them.
History
Since ancient times, people tried to understand the nature of color, there were many theories.We are dealing with this issue almost every sphere of science: Optics, art history, cultural studies, psychology and others.In particular, because of this coloring could not be formed as a separate nauka.Pervaya systematization was created by Leonardo da Vinci.He discovered that a variety of colors is limited, and called the true black and white.Parses it and the perception of color, contrast, and reveals more.
new stage of development began when Isaac Newton identified seven primary colors, based on the spectrum of white light.So far it is known for a phrase: "Every hunter wants to know where sits Pheasant".But the great scientist locked chain and add the purple, considering it by mixing red and violet.From that moment there was a possibility of a well-known scheme of the color wheel.Although the very first round drew Goethe, who was interested in color to the surroundings.The first balanced color wheel was created Castelo, it consisted of 6 sectors (currently called circle of Goethe).The great German poet and belongs to the first ever work on the coloring - "Color Theory".Over time improving, the circle has come to mind, where it can be found almost vezde.Suschestvuyut other schemes selection of colors, but to use them in daily work uncomfortable, so they are not so popular.
Itten Circle
It dvenadtsatichastny circle, which is obtained from the three major, three secondary and six tertiary colors.The second triple obtained by mixing pairs of yellow, red and blue colors, and tertiary, respectively, by mixing primary and secondary.He was coined as the name implies, Johansen Itten - Swiss artist and teacher.He made an enormous contribution to the understanding of the nature and perception of colors and shades.Until now, he invented the scheme is considered a classic, and is still used by designers and artists around the world.
Circle Oswald
more modern variant is presented in the form of the spectrum.The displayed Oswald
palette there are three primary colors.It is based on them and the current additive color model RGB (Red, Green, Blue), that is, red, green and blue.As shown, these colors are perceived by our eyes directly, all other colors obtained by mixing these three.Of course, in this arrangement no black or white.They have no place in the spectrum, they are considered as extreme points nasyschennosti.Spektralny color wheel is used mainly when you want to see as many shades.
Train perception
no secret that the human eye is unable to distinguish between 150 shades.However, thanks to natrenirovannosti, the artists that number increased to 350-400.Many people who work in areas where it is necessary to deal with of color, do not have an innate intuitive flair, so it makes a circle of Itten.Now it is available, you can print it on your printer or buy a specialty store, but from time to time for training, better to draw his own.Did not turn out right, but it is necessary for the correct perception, it is very difficult the first time to obtain the desired shade.For example, it should turn green green, not yellowish or bluish.
formal approach
to create harmonious combinations should be studied not one rule of the color wheel.Understand the principles of work, you will do anything.Whether you're creating clothing or paint a picture, or perhaps you are an interior designer, sooner or later you have to face the coloristic.But the use of different schemes in any case should not limit your own imagination or flair.Thus, there are major combinations or combinations in which there are from 2 to 4 colors.If you are an active user of the computer, you can always use a special program for the selection of shades, as they all have taken as a basis for the color wheel.
complementary color
They are called complementary or contrasting.On lap Itten they are located opposite each other.Their combination looks quite smartly, although it is believed that they were too harsh in nature, you can not find one example of their harmonious unity.Is not it wonderful to look red roses in a frame of green leaves or strawberry in the garden?Such combinations are used in cases where you need something to highlight or underline.But they are quite suitable for text compositions.
Triad
are three types - classic, analogue, and a contrasting.Forming a first color, at equal distance from each other on a circle Itten.For example, purple, green and orange.Each is located across from the other three sectors.The combination looks positive and life-affirming, even if you take the unsaturated colors.But to achieve the greatest harmony of colors, select one primary and the other two used as an auxiliary.But analog triad looks harmonious in any case, since the three colors are arranged on the disk sequentially.The composition of this triad does not irritate the eyes and looks komfortnoy.Ona often found in nature, so naturally perceived.But here it is better to make one basic color, and the other two - optional.The third kind - a triad of contrast, it is constructed of a single color and two adjacent complementary of its brother.For example, take the green.His opposite - it is red, so to take Three red-orange and red-purple.Use this combination is cautiously and only when you are sure that you will make it more succinctly.
rectangular and square scheme
four colors, each pair of which is a contrast, make a rectangular pattern.It gives a very large number of variations.The composition will look better if you choose one main color, and the rest used as an additional or auxiliary.The second scheme is square, it also consists of four colors.If you look at the color wheel, they will be well separated from each other.It looks such a combination more clearly, so there is also preferable to choose one main color.
Now you know all the basic rules, but it is worth noting that if you follow the rules alone, it is possible to achieve little.People who work with color use, should have a creative flair and taste.The color wheel - only the assistant, the rest depends on the imagination, we can not be content with merely a formal approach.
