traditional Japanese house has an unusual name.It sounds like Minka.Translated it means "house of the people."Today, Japan is the construction can be found only in rural areas.
types of Japanese houses
In ancient times the word "Minka" called peasant homes of the rising sun.The same houses belonged to merchants and artisans, that is the part of the population that was not samurai.Today, however, class division of society does not exist, and the word "Minka" applied to any traditional Japanese houses, which are age appropriate.These homes are located in areas with different climatic and geographical conditions, have quite a wide range of sizes and styles.
But whatever it was, all Minka are divided into two types.The first of these are village houses.Once referred to as the NOC.The second type of Minka - town houses (Matija).There is also a subclass of the NOC - the Japanese fishing lodge.What do you call this home?This rustic house gёka.
device Minka
Traditional Japanese houses are quite distinctive structures.In general, they are shed, standing over an empty space.Minka roof rests on the frame made of wooden poles and rafters.
Japanese houses in our understanding do not have any windows or doors.Each room has three walls, which are easily removed from the wing slots.They can always be moved or removed.These walls serve as windows.The owners of a white paste-like tissue called the rice paper and shoji.
characteristic feature of Japanese houses are their roofs.They resemble praying hands man and converge at an angle of sixty degrees.That the foreign association, which causes the roof Minka, is reflected in their name.It sounds like "gassho-zukuri", which means "folded arms".
Traditional Japanese houses have survived to the present day, it is a historical monument.Some of them are protected by the national government or local municipalities.Some of the buildings included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
Materials basic designs
peasants could not afford to build expensive housing.They used the materials that have been most readily available and cheap.Mink were built of bamboo and wood, mud and straw.We used a variety of grass species.
tree is usually used for the manufacture of the "skeleton" of the house and roof.For the exterior walls were taken bamboo and clay.Inside were replaced with sliding partitions or screens.When the device of the roof using straw and grass.Sometimes on top of these natural materials laid tiles made of baked clay.
Stone served to strengthen or create a foundation.However, during the construction of the house, this material is not used.
Minka is a Japanese house, the architecture of which is traditional for the rising sun.Supports it form the "skeleton" buildings and smartly, without the use of nails, are connected to the cross beams.Holes in the walls of the house are the shoji, and heavy wooden doors.
Roofing
gassho-zukuri have the highest and most recognizable Japanese houses.And this feature give them their amazing roof.Their height allows residents to do without the device chimney.In addition, the design of the roof arrangement assumed in the attic of the vast warehouse.
High roof Japanese house Minka reliably protected from rain.Rain and snow, not zalezhivayas immediately rolled down.This feature of the design does not allow moisture to get into the room and rotting straw from which the roof was constructed.
Roofs Mink are classified according to different types.In Matija, for example, they usually peaked, gabled, covered with tiles or shingles.They differ from the majority of the roof village houses NOC.They are usually covered with straw and had a slope in four directions.On the ridge of the roof, as well as in places where bridge the differences between the section establishes special caps.
The interior of the home
Minka usually consisted of two sections.One of them was a dirt floor.This area was called home.In the second section of the floor was raised above the level of housing half a meter.
In the first room prepared food.It placed a clay oven, food barrels, wooden wash basin and water jugs.
in the room with a raised floor had built hearth.Smoke from the fire, divorced him, went under the roof and did not interfere with the residents of the house.
What impression on European travelers Japanese house?Feedback from those who first came into Minka, say surprise, which caused them a complete lack of furniture.The eyes of visitors only open bare wooden construction details dwelling.It's supporting pillars and rafters, planed boards and lattice ceilings Shoji gently scatter sunlight through rice paper.Completely empty floor covered with straw mats.There are no decorations on the walls.An exception is a niche in which is placed a scroll with a painting or a poem, under which there is a vase with a bouquet of flowers.
European man who falls into the Japanese house, it seems that this is not home, but only a decoration for a theatrical production.Here we have to forget about the existing stereotypes and realize that home - it's not a fortress, and that allows you to feel the harmony with nature and their inner world.
age-old tradition
For residents of the East an important role in the social and spiritual life plays a tea party.In Japan, this tradition is strictly painted ritual.It participates man who brews and then pours the tea (the master), as well as guests who drink this wonderful drink.This ritual originated in the Middle Ages.However, today it is a part of Japanese culture.
Teahouse
For the tea ceremony, Japanese used separate facilities.Honorary guests were received in the teahouse.The basic principle of the construction is the simplicity and naturalness.This allows for the ceremony of drinking flavored drink, to move away from all earthly temptations.
What design features are the Japanese tea houses?They consist of a single room, which you can get only through a low and narrow passage.To enter the house, visitors have much to worship.This laid a particular meaning.After all bow low before the ceremony had to all people, even those who had a high social status.In addition, a low input is not given in the old days to go to a tea house with a gun.Samurai had to leave it outside the door.It also makes a person as much as possible to focus on the ceremony.
Architecture teahouse provides for a large number of windows (six to eight), who had a different shape and size.The high location of the openings indicate their main purpose - to pass the sunlight.Enjoy views of the surrounding nature, guests may only if the owners moved apart frame.However, as a rule, during the ritual of tea drinking windows were closed.
interior of the tea house
room for the traditional ceremony had nothing superfluous.Its walls are lined with gray clay, which reflect sunlight, creating a sense of being in the shade and tranquility.Paul certainly littered tatami.The most important part of the house served to make the wall niche (tokonoma).It placed the censer with incense and flowers.Here there is also a scroll with sayings that are matched to the master of each case.Any other decorations in the teahouse absent.In the center of the room was arranged bronze hearth, which was prepared and flavored drink.
For lovers of tea ceremonies
If desired, in suburban areas can be built Japanese houses with their own hands.For leisurely ceremonies and suitable furniture, made in the style of architecture of the rising sun.The main thing to consider in this - the inability to use in our climate, some traditional oriental materials.This particularly applies to the partitions.For them it will be impossible to apply the wax paper.
House in the Japanese style, it is desirable to make from wood, for decoration taking natural stone, fiberglass and grills.Is appropriate here are blinds made of bamboo.The material culture of Japan symbolizes success, rapid growth, vitality and success.
In the manufacture of the gazebo or the house is not necessary to use a wide range of colors.The construction should be in harmony with nature and merge with it.Not far from the entrance, it is desirable to plant mountain pine.The real decoration of buildings become water surface, stone lantern, a bamboo fence and a garden of stones.Without this landscape is difficult to imagine the tea ceremony in the Japanese style.Ease and simplicity of the environment will create a true peace of mind.She will forget about the earthly temptations and give the highest sense of beauty.And it will help the person to come to the understanding of reality with new philosophical positions.
