What is the OSCE?The history of this organization is.In 1973, an international meeting was held to discuss the issues of cooperation and security in Europe (CSCE).Participation took 33 states.It ended with the signing of the Heads of State and Government in Helsinki Act, which became a long-term program of action for the construction of a single peaceful, democratic and prosperous Europe.Organization is the key to the European Community.It has wide powers to resolve various conflicts, human rights monitoring in individual countries, the control of environmental safety.
Evolution Organization
What is the OSCE?According to the Helsinki Final arrangements for the main directions of activities of the organization include the following issues relating to European security cooperation in the fields of science, economics, technology, environmental, humanitarian and other fields (human rights, information, culture, education).This is the mission of the OSCE.Important milestones of the Helsinki process was the meeting of States parties in Belgrade (1977-1978 gg.), Madrid (1980-1983 gg.), Vienna (1986-1989 gg.).
acquired great importance of the meeting of OSCE participating States at the highest level in Paris (1990 th), Helsinki (1992 th), Budapest (1994 minutes), Lisbon (1996 minutes) and Istanbul (1999-d).As a result of the gradual institutionalization and decided to create a post of Secretary-General (1993 th) and the Permanent Council of OSCE has acquired the features of an international regional organization.In accordance with the decision of the Budapest summit in 1995, the CSCE changed its name to the OSCE.Explanation of abbreviations: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
In 1996, at the Lisbon meeting of the heads of the participating countries have taken very important decisions and documents.Firstly, the concept has been defined European security in the 21st century.It was a speech about the necessity of a new arrangement of a Europe without borders and dividing lines.In fact, this document was the basis for the creation of the European Union.Secondly, it has been updated CFE (Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces).
What is the OSCE?Today, members of the organization are 56 countries, including all European, post-Soviet, Canada, the United States and Mongolia.This composition allows the organization of the OSCE to solve many problems in the world.Its mandate covers the extensive list of issues of military-political, environmental, economic and scientific spheres.The objectives of the organization are: counter-terrorism, arms control, environmental and economic security, the protection of democracy and human rights, as well as many others.The countries of the OSCE, have equal status.Decisions are made on the basis of consensus.There are various institutions of the OSCE.What is it, we will deal below.
Goals
organization primarily focuses its efforts to prevent various regional conflicts, settlement of disputes and crises, the elimination of the consequences of war, and so on. N. The main means of maintaining security and solutions to achieve the main goals of the organization are the three categories of instruments.The first group includes:
- control the spread of weapons;
- activities on building trust and promote safety;
- diplomatic measures to prevent various conflicts.
The second category includes security in the sphere of economy and ecology.The third category includes everything related to human rights, freedom of conscience and others.It:
- measures for the protection of human rights;
- monitoring of elections in different countries;
- promote the development of democratic institutions.
be understood that the OSCE decisions are advisory and not binding.However, they are of great political significance.The state organization is 370 persons in management positions and 3.5 thousand more are employed in field missions.
Summit
Summit called a meeting of representatives of the participating countries at the highest level.They are representative of the Forum with the participation of Heads of State and Government, held usually every two to three years to discuss the situation in the field of security and stability in the OSCE region, to make appropriate decisions, determining the main activities of the organization in the short and long termprospects.
Council of Ministers and the Permanent Council
The Council of Ministers meetings, attended by foreign ministers, members of the organization.He is the central decision-making and governing body of the OSCE.The Permanent Council - a body acting in the framework of which the level of permanent representatives of the States Parties held political consultations, decisions on all issues of current activities of the OSCE.Plenary sessions are held every Thursday Substation in Vienna.
Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization of
OSCE has a Parliamentary Assembly.Plenary sessions are held twice a year with the support of the Secretariat of the PA, located in Copenhagen.OSCE Chairman maintains contact with the PA on a regular basis, inform the participants about the work of the organization.PA President is elected for a term of one year.
Secretariat
OSCE Secretariat, whose work led by the Secretary-General, manages the work of the missions and centers deployed in the Member States, serving the activities of other governing bodies, ensure the implementation of the various conferences, engaged in administrative and budgetary matters, personnelPolicy, responsible for liaison with international organizations, the media and so on. d. The Secretariat is located in Vienna (Austria), with an auxiliary office in Prague (Czech Republic).To improve the efficiency of the Secretariat and other institutions in the organization of economic and environmental planes from January 1998 introduced the post of Co-ordinator of the OSCE in the fields of economy and the environment.
The Chairman
What is the OSCE?The face of the organization and a major political figure is the current chairman.He is responsible for coordination and consultation on current politics.In its work, the Chairman is assisted by:
- predecessors and successors, which work together with him in the troika format.
- special group that he also appoints.
- Personal Representatives who are also appointed by the Chairman, with the provision of a specific mandate and the definition of the list of problems in various areas of competence of the OSCE.
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (abbreviated ODIHR)
This structure facilitates the holding of democratic elections in the Member States (including the sending of election observation missions), as well as providing practical assistance in the promotion of democratic institutions and human rights, strengthening the foundations of civil society andthe rule of law.ODIHR Office in Warsaw.
High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM)
This official is responsible for early warning of conflicts involving national minority issues.HCNM Secretariat in The Hague.
Representative on Freedom of the Media
This official contributes to the participating countries of their obligations in the field of media.City Representative for the media is critical to ensure the proper functioning of an open democratic society, as well as the system of accountability of governments to their citizens.The institution of the OSCE was established in late 1997.
OSCE Mission Mission
function as a kind of "field" of the structure of the OSCE.In Southeast Europe, they are present in Albania OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo (Serbia).In Eastern Europe Office in Minsk Mission to Moldova Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine.In the South Caucasus: OSCE mission in Georgia, offices in Yerevan and Baku, the representative of the Chairman-Karabakh.In Central Asia: a mission in Tajikistan, the OSCE Centre in Almaty, Ashgabat, Bishkek, Tashkent.These institutions are important instruments in matters of conflict prevention and crisis management in the field.OSCE observers carry out their functions in many hot spots and conflict zones.
Economic and Environmental Forum
This annual event, held in order to give impetus to the economy of the States Parties.They also occur proposing practical measures aimed at promoting economic cooperation between the two countries.
Forum for Security Co-operation
This body carries out its work on a regular basis in Vienna.It consists of representatives of the delegations of the OSCE participating States, is discussing the issues of arms control, disarmament, confidence-building measures and security.
