To date the list of bodies which are entitled to a greater or lesser degree of control over the sphere of foreign trade, is quite extensive.This list includes the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Committee, Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Federal Tax Service, the Central Bank, etc.At the same time it should be noted that the above control issues accountable bodies are directly dependent on their competence.If
consider in detail the concept of "control of foreign trade", we can see that the concept is complex, due to the fact that essentially combines a number of different types of control.The use of each type of control depends on the specifics of that, which is characterized by a controlled object of foreign trade.
To date, five main types of control.Chief among these is the currency control.Other controls are presented to customs, tax, quarantine phytosanitary and veterinary control.Deeper dwell on such a concept as foreign exchange controls.
Exchange control is a special kind of state control, which is carried out to ensure compliance with the state of the currency legislation.Currency exchange regulation in Russia is based on adherence to the following principles:
- compliance with the provisions of the priority actions in the implementation of economic policy in terms of currency regulation;
- exclusion of government intervention in the course of foreign exchange transactions carried out by residents and nonresidents, in case such an intervention is not justified;
- respect for the unity of internal and external monetary policy of the Russian Federation;
- respect for the unity of system of currency regulation and currency control;
- ensuring full public authorities to protect the rights and economic interests, both residents and non-residents in the implementation of foreign exchange transactions.
statute, which takes place on the basis of exchange controls by the customs authorities is the Federal Law № 173-FZ, dated 10. 12. 2003 "On currency regulation and currency control".
the exchange control authority are:
- audits of compliance and non-residents by residents of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation, and the legislative acts adopted by the currency regulation;
- inspection of reliability and completeness of accounting and submitting reports on currency transactions of residents and non-residents;
- request and receive documents and information related to the conduct of foreign exchange operations, as well as the opening and maintenance of foreign currency accounts.At the same time it sets a mandatory period within which documents must be provided.On receipt of the request filed by the bodies and agents, carrying out foreign exchange controls, this period can not be less than seven working days.
- issuing orders to eliminate violations of currency legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts issued by currency regulation, after detecting irregularities in the data exchange control;
- use by the legislation of the Russian Federation liability measures to violators of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as to non-compliant acts issued by currency regulation.
Recall currency control is only part of the control of foreign trade, the state implemented comprehensively.This type of control can not be done separated from other types of control, in particular customs.Thus, foreign control, or rather its features, is primarily determined by the specifics of the object to be controlled.
