Any meaningful human activity is appropriate and motivated by internal or external causes.It transforms the surrounding reality, and so it is important to understand the goals and motives of the person through the above criteria.Why is this important?To predict causal relationships and the performance of the individual.Both the subject of activity and its surrounding society will use these criteria for their own purposes.
Activities
This conscious human activity, aimed at meeting the personal and social needs, which has a specific purpose and motive.All human activity generates a process of social development.Activity - is a form of realization of the goals of people in society.In the process it is converted and the outside world as the object of conscious influence, and the man himself.This is due to the improvement of knowledge about the world and its possibilities.Therefore, it is important to know and take into account the motives inducing activity and orientation of the actions of people in the society, because eventually they form a system of social life of the society, and the motivation depends on their effectiveness.
human activities are paying attention to different disciplines.Sociology examines it from the standpoint of social significance.Philosophy - to analyze the meanings and values in the actions of people who are important for the psychology of the structure and activities of a man in terms of the mental orientation of the individual, for it serves as a management tool of motivation of employees.
In studying different areas of human knowledge has been allocated a single framework which characterizes the process activity.This structure and its elements constitute the principle of purposive activity, which remains in all its forms.
structure phenomenon
Any activity has a general nature and direction.Suffice it succinctly is the structure of human activity, the scheme which can be represented as follows: The purpose of the motive → → result.However, this does not contain all the chain links.Moreover, it is characterized by cyclical repetition of the process.And the beginning of this chain is based on the results of past activities.It is rather a spiral that tends to perfection of man and society.
Before you set a goal, one must feel the need arises, and based on it the motive for action.And the result is not the end of the chain, and serves as the basis of a new stage of active development of the personality of the goal setting (targets) on the basis of a certain motive and process to achieve results with the help of selected methods and means to achieve it.This is the logical structure and its stages.It links in one chain, and they act as a structure of human activity:
- needs.
- motif.
- Target.
- process.
- method (method) implementation.
- result.
Each element has a specific function, it is important for the entire process.Without an identified need is impossible to determine the authorship of the goal.This form of activity does not have any result, he is alienated from the subject of activity, it does not belong and does not serve its purpose, as obessmyslivaet whole process.
If the process is a substitute for the result, people lost interest in this field of activity.If the result does not meet expectations, the individual loses its meaning and may deteriorate due to lack of essential qualities of human activity - awareness of its purpose.
analysis and synthesis
actively exploring complex forms of social and humanitarian sciences orientation.One of their tasks is to reveal the nature of goal-setting in human activities in order to motivate every member of society on socially important activity and to prevent anti-social motives and antisocial orientation of the actions of people.
analysis of all elements of the chain opens the causal laws of interaction of motives and results of operations, objectives and forms of the process, thus helping to understand the driving forces of society.
The structure does not have a linear orientation.She repeated intersects with other forms and methods of human action and group absorbed, sometimes that is interrupted without completing an end.
Analysis of the structure of activities completed cycle gives an idea of the strength of the motivation, the methods of application of energy to meet the challenges of the other socio-psychological factors of activity.It can serve as a qualitative tool for the creation of incentive programs and methods of organization of the labor process.
knowledge about the causes and conditions of formation of motives can be an effective tool for creating motivation programs in the workplace and professional fulfillment of people.
Objective - the leading motivator
level stated objective person depends on its culture, opportunities, environment, social conditions.Not always it can accurately state the purpose.Often there is a substitution of personal goals external trappings of success and values characteristic of a certain moral environment of the society.The ability to formulate a personal goal of activity - an indicator of personal human development.
Objective - is the understanding of its results.This idea of a material having a spatio-temporal localization.The objectives can be internal, immanent (inherent) nature of man and external determinants of an individual activity.External and internal goals may overlap.This is the best option for the benefit of society and the individual, as it does not cause a conflict of interest.
If the external target is not in the interests of the individual, the activity can achieve a result, but talk about efficiency is acceptable if there is a strong motive to achieve the result.If the purpose for the individual decides the important tasks she alone can act a powerful motivating factor.So, what is the motive of activity?What role does he play?
Motivational needs
This concept is so important in terms of the mental processes that there are many theories of human motivation.One of the most famous - the theory of hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow.According to this system, it is the needs of the internal engine of the individual, they encourage him to creation and creativity, which is based on the structure of human activity.Driving Maslow consists of several levels:
- desire to satisfy a physiological need for food, the house warm.
- existential needs: life safety, inviolability of the home, the availability of predictable future.
- Social security: the need for love, the need for the people belonging to a social group.
- spiritual needs work.
- cognitive needs.
- aesthetic.This desire for harmonization of internal and external peace, beauty.
- need for self-actualization (people want to have the status, recognition, committed to full self-expression).
all the needs that are aimed at personal well-being of the individual, are the basic, primary.The level of human need for recognition of the company, striving to conduct social life - all this is secondary.Similar requirements are formed while satisfying basic.
motif
motif generates the purpose, as the structure of activity.The scheme clearly demonstrates the importance of this element.I should add that all the needs inherent in human nature.But leading motivator will be the one that solves the most urgent task to achieve personal goals.
motif if characterize it briefly - is the meaning of human activity, its activity.In order to understand what is the motive of activity, take an example.
If a person seeks to become a leader, his goal - to get the status of the chief motive - to satisfy the need for recognition, the result - a high post.In real life, things are not so primitive and schematic, of course.Motives are often layered, as the goal.
methods and ways of working
Analysis of the structure of activities makes logical to go to a number of questions.
How interconnected purpose and result of how these factors affect each other?What is the motive of activity?Which way it manifests itself in the process of achieving the goal?
Indeed, if the motive - it is an internal engine, the method or the method of achieving the goal - it is the external form of the implementation of activities.And it must be adequate to the purpose.Compliance means and methods The results are a qualitative characteristic of the process.The discrepancy between the form and content of the activities with the goal may have negative consequences for the individual and for the near environment.
If a person seeks to become educated, and his internal motivation is the need for knowledge, the purchase of the diploma will never be an adequate form of realization of the goal.Characteristic patterns of activity always gives an idea of the adequacy of purpose, methods and results of the process.
process - it is always action.Characteristic patterns of activity of different options gives an idea of the possible ways of development of events.Actions can lead to a result, then they form a suitable process.Actions at the level of passions, habits, false beliefs, misconceptions regarding goals are inappropriate in nature and lead to unpredictable results.
Activities
diverse activities.The selected path is dependent on various parameters - age, profession, status, field of activity.Consider some species to trace how the psychological structure of human activity.
This process begins with the majority, when a person becomes able to make a free and independent choice with all levels of responsibility.The activities carried out in the very first days of life.Changes only the degree of awareness and motivation.
baby as formed personality, has a goal, but it can not be called deliberate.But they are driven by a strong motive - the satisfaction of physiological needs.He already carries out the activity on a subconscious level reflexes.
further adds play activity.In children, it is leading.At this stage proves the general structure of activity.It reflects the whole hierarchy of needs Maslow minimized.
next logical step - training human activity.Its aim - gaining new knowledge and skills.This is a very important activity.It is present in all stages of life.You could say differently: any activity performs educational function.
As a rule, the process of labor is realized the full extent of purposeful activity of the person.In the end, it produced a product that meets current needs of society.
result of the creative process becomes a work of art.The desire for self-expression contains the structure of activity.The scheme demonstrates the close connection between this motive and purpose: the motive of self-expression ↔ ↔ way to the goal.But it takes place not necessarily only in a creative environment.The element of creating something new is present in all forms of human activity, but in varying degrees, of course.
result
final stage, which is carried out for any activity - it is planned result.If it does not meet expectations, a person may experience frustration - a mental condition characterized by internal devastation disappointment.Naturally, this kind of phenomenon is not conducive to the success and future goal setting.Therefore, it is important that the result brought joy.The latter must be distinguished from pleasure.The joy in a person experiences when investing in the process of efforts to get the result.In this case, the result itself is a logical motivator for further action, because people tend to desire for positive emotions.
result - the end product of human activity.At the same time it must meet this goal.The structure of the human matches in this phase.Reaching the goal and get a result, the individual reaches a new level of requirements that must be met.
result often appears in the form of the product, but it does not always have the material shell.The result can be a goal of bringing the joy of labor.If the result of the activities appropriate to the purpose means that a person has reached a positive result.If not, then it formed a negative experience, which should also be taken into account when making plans for the future.
rational activity and personality
deserves special attention by human activities, whose purpose - self-improvement.In the course of this process, the structure of human activity, and its subject is the basis of personal potential.Each of the people have such an opportunity.But not everyone is willing to work on yourself.Only highly individual realizes that he is the best subject of its own development.What features are available for this process?
- ability to be fully responsible for the results of their development.
- ability to achieve success in the activities in which the individual realizes himself fully.
- purpose of life has a deep meaning, as a rule, the value to society that goes beyond the personal needs of the individual.
- High level of personal space, subordination way of life goals.
should be noted that any human activity, the purpose of which it meets, is an element of self-improvement.The fact that happiness - it is always opening its borders and opportunities.In addition, it also provides a positive attitude and that encourages others to work together and increases the energy of this process.
Aristotle - the father of the "logic" - called purposive activity a great boon to society and the individual.All true values of life over time take on even greater importance.The words of Aristotle, of course, relevant to the present.
