domestic and foreign policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.

Nickname Alexis Mikhailovich Romanov - Quietest.In some articles it explains the origin of the gentle disposition of the king, his ability to listen to the interlocutor, and never raised his voice.But the more corrosive experts find another explanation.They are repelled from the ancient postulate "peace and quiet", which symbolizes the prosperity of the state.Alexis rightfully earned this nickname since his sons had left a legacy of a strong country that neighbors began to fear.

first mentor young king

prosperity Powers contributed to domestic and foreign policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (1629-1676).Tenth the Russian tsar, the second ruler of Russia of the Romanov dynasty, whose reign had to "buntashny Century", was the head of state from 1645 to 1676.He ruled the country well.XVII century was nicknamed "buntashnym."It is easy to imagine that a person "of a gentle disposition of such" hold in their hands the situation is unlikely to be able to.That is, Alexis Romanov rule exercised its tough language and was more than Oster.On the throne, he went very early and was forced to rely on the sovereign affairs of someone else's opinion.Advisor got bad - greedy and capricious BI Morozov, concentrate in their hands almost all the power, exorbitant bribes and extortion has managed to alienate all classes of Moscow.And when he introduced an additional tax on essential goods, and the salt was worth two hryvnia for pud instead of five cents, in 1648 it broke one of the biggest urban revolts - "Salt Riot."The young king barely managed to save brother-Boris Morozov, which was the largest at that time, state dignitaries and the actual originator of rebellion.

Annual riots

historical portrait of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov can continue listing of popular uprisings that had come to his reign.Echoes "Salt Riot" come and to other cities Ustyug, Solvychegodsk and many others.However, erupted in riots in 1650 in Novgorod and Pskov were much more powerful and serious above.The reason for uprising was buying bread.It was necessary to pay the debts of peasants fled to Russia from the territories ceded by Stolbovetskomu the world (1617) for Sweden.Obviously, there have been excesses on the ground, and the peasants have decided that traitors boyars, colluding with foreigners in Russia want to cause a famine.But all these shocks fade before Cossack outlaws grew into Peasant war 1670-1671 years under the leadership of Stenka Razin.Unlikely to be "Quietest" in the sense of a timid king could successfully solve these social problems, and thus fairly strong and, in a sense Reformed domestic and foreign policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov has not changed.

enviable success of the last tsar of Russia, Moscow

He spent reforms in the country and led a successful war abroad.It was a wise politician, usually reaching its goal.As the last Tsar of Russia, Moscow, he managed to return to Russia, Smolensk, Seversk ground with Chernigov and Starodub, western Russian lands, joined by Ukraine, move into Siberia and founded a new city - Nerchinsk, Irkutsk, Selenginsk.In 1647 it was founded Okhotsk.And in the next 1648 S. Dezhnev opened a passage between Asia and America.

Copper Riot

But riots broke out punctually at all during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.So, in 1662 in Moscow mutiny, known as the "Copper rebellion".The tsarist government decided to introduce a new payment instrument - copper money, which equates to a silver.But paying salaries copper Treasury demanded the payment of taxes in silver.In addition, the copper money well forged and counterfeit currency flooded the capital.Money is worthless, essential goods are no longer available.A new rebellion broke out, which once again has been successfully eradicated, like the subsequent uprising in Bashkiria and Siberia (1663-1664).

well-educated man and a great politician

It should be noted that the "Quietest" was an excellent negotiator and able to negotiate, not just rigidly suppress the uprising.The ability to engage in dialogue explained literate, erudite, erudition king.He was the author of several works, was a master of the Russian language, he read the petitions, and the first of the rulers became personally signed orders and other securities.In addition, he knew several foreign languages ​​and was familiar with the whole of European literature, on his orders were translated into Russian foreign books, and in general there was a rapprochement of Russian and Western cultures.When it began to develop the theater, and was established by the Russian post

Church split

Bases around than glorified his son Peter I, who laid Alexis Romanov.Briefly it can be described as the monarch, who are concerned about the improvement of Russia, have done a lot in order to cast a country with a strong centralized royal power and the sole rightful place among the great powers.Sometimes it took an ugly form, the clearest example of what can be Nikon's reforms, which led to a split in the church and the appearance of the Old Believers.This is one of the bloodiest pages of not only the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, but also in the entire history of Russia.The main purpose of the reform was to bring into line the patriarchal church of the Moscow Rus and Byzantine, European and advanced.Some modern researchers believe that the whole thing was triggered by the Vatican, and Catherine II Nikon hated and felt that he wanted to become a Russian Pope.Rejection of the church was a great innovation - one seat Solovki (the revolt in the Solovetsky Monastery), which lasted 8 years, which is worth.

good foundation for further reforms

Alexis Romanov, the board exercised its wise and chose his assistants, guided, first of all, their abilities, diluting thus the ranks of the aristocracy.This tradition has developed and brought to the absolute marrying a commoner and make the first dignitary of the state who came from the people, his son Peter I. And amusing the troops of Peter the Great laid the foundation Alexei Mikhailovich, giving his son a little, but the action gun, which is stored now in the Museum of ArtillerySt. Petersburg.Rebuilding the army also started "quietest" - he has upgraded and improved, loyal Streltsy regiments.He did not shave their beards boyars, but greatly diminished their power.

Strengthening monarchy

historical portrait of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov can be supplemented with information that his one-man rule, he secured the creation of the Order of secret affairs, who was only in his charge.The central and local authorities, he, too, ran himself.The abolition of the Zemsky Sobor, composed of representatives of all classes, except for the peasant, and wields considerable power, greatly strengthened the autocracy.Finally, Alexis has published a new collection of laws - Cathedral Code of 1649 (the first printed monument to Russian law), replacing them of Law, in force since 1550. Thus, serfdom was legalized.All these actions are aimed at the creation of absolutism at the time were progressive steps strengthens Russia.You can add and so the fact that he first established a state monopoly on vodka.

Latitude public interest

From all of the above it can be concluded that the domestic and foreign policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov was sound and successful.After the Time of Troubles purpose of Russia's foreign policy becomes the return of land lost in the previous years, and the strengthening of the borders, especially the southern."Quietest" lived for 49 years - a very short time.Maybe that is why domestic and foreign policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov did not receive its completion - not all the land had been returned, Russia has not been landlocked, but a piece of the Baltic coast, he managed to snatch.And the first shipyard and the first Russian military ship "Eagle" was built in the second king of the Romanov dynasty.He did a lot for Russia's prosperity, which his son Peter I turned into a great empire.

main outcome of the Board

For 20 years of the Russian tsar it was done a lot.He turned the estate-representational in the absolute monarchy.During his reign, he was critical of Moscow between Rus and the Russian Empire.Such was the policy of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.The table reflects the reign of this monarch, is enormous.Compressed tables, which reflects only epochal event looks like: