industry is an important component of the economic complex of the country.Its leading role is determined by what it delivers in all sectors new materials, tools.Among other sectors, it stands rayono- and complexing functions.
briefly on Russian industry
Today, the number of enterprises in Russia, close to the mark of 460 million, they provide jobs for almost 15 million people, the volumes of their products has exceeded the mark of 21 billion rubles.The industry of our country is characterized by a complex and diversified diversified structure, reflecting changes in the improvement of the productive forces, the development of the territorial division of labor.It is directly connected with scientific and technical progress.
Classification
Modern industrial enterprises in Russia is characterized by a relatively high level of specialization.Due to the deepening division of labor emerged various sectors, sub-sectors and types of production.Taken together, they form a branch structure.In today's current classification allocated eleven complex industries such as electricity, fuel, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering, petrochemical, chemical, pulp and paper, timber, woodworking, food and light industry.This division is determined by many economic and social factors, chief among which are: technical progress, the level of development, social and historical conditions, natural resources, production skills of local people.
industry can be divided into:
- extractive .This includes industries related not only to mining, but their enrichment.In addition, it includes fishing on marine mammals, fish and seafood.
- The treatment .These include industrial enterprises in Russia engaged in the processing of products of extractive industries.In addition, it includes and processing of agricultural and forestry raw materials.The industry is the basis of all the heavy industry of the country.
largest enterprises in Russia.OAO «Gazprom»
Consider the seven leaders in the ranking of the largest companies in our country.In compiling this list into account their assets, revenues and profits.Advantageously, in the list of the Giants hit chemical companies in Russia, or rather one of the branches that had grown - the oil.But first things first.
Thus, the undisputed leader - is JSC "Gazprom".This Russian gas company was founded in 1989.She works in the field of gas production and gas distribution industry."Gazprom" took fifteenth place in the world for its assets and revenue is on the 24th position in the ranking of global companies.The transmission system of the enterprise is 160 thousand kilometers and is the longest on the planet.51 percent of the company's shares belong to the state.The market value of "Gazprom" more than 156 billion. US dollars, its turnover is 150 billion. Dollars, and estimated assets of more than 303 billion. Dollars.This company provides jobs for more than four hundred thousand people.
"Lukoil»
Considering the large enterprises of Russia, not to mention about this company.It takes the second place in our ranking.Organized by the enterprise in 1991.The main activity of JSC is prospecting, production, refining and sale of oil and natural gas.Until 2007 it was the largest company on the production of black gold, in terms of revenue, it ranks second after the "Gazprom".At the beginning of 2011 hydrocarbon reserves "Lukoil" is the third company in the global ranking of private companies, and oil reserves - the world's first.Thus, its market value is more than $ 55 billion;assets - 90.6 billion dollars;turnover - $ 105 billion;annual revenue - 111.4 billion dollars;profit - 10.4 billion dollars.This company provides jobs for more than one hundred and fifty thousand people.
OAO "Rosneft»
This company is also included in the list of Russian companies, the assets of which may compete with the global giants.Created JSC was 1993.Its main activity - is intelligence operations, oil and gas extraction and production of petroleum and petrochemical products.An interesting fact is that since 2007, the company surpassed its rival "Lukoil" in terms of oil production due to the purchase of assets, "Yukos".The cost of this enterprise is about $ 80 billion. Dollars;turnover - 63 billion;Revenue - about $ 60 billion;assets - 106 billion dollars;profit reached 11.3 billion dollars.The company "Rosneft" provides jobs for about 170 thousand people.
OJSC "Sberbank of Russia»
This organization confirms that large state enterprises Russia work not only in the extractive industries, the fourth place in this ranking is the finance company.JSC is a universal banking structure as it provides a fairly wide range of services.Thus, according to data of 2009 its share in the Russian market of deposits was more than 50 percent, and credit portfolio amounts to more than thirty percent of the loans that were issued across the country.The market value of "Savings" is about $ 75 billion;the share of assets - 282.4 billion dollars;profit - 31.8 billion dollars.The company provides jobs for more than 240 thousand people.
OJSC "TNK-BP Holding»
This company was organized relatively recently - in 2003.His specialty is oil production and refining.The basis for its creation began parity beginning of TNK and British BP.The market value of the holding is 51.6 billion dollars;revenues - 60.2 billion dollars;profit comes to $ 9 billion.The company provides jobs for more than 50 thousand people.
OJSC "Surgutneftegas»
Large enterprises Russia joins another "neftesos" he took sixth place in our ranking.JSC was founded in 1990 and is one of the largest oil and gas companies of the country.The company is registered in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, in the city of Surgut, located in the same place and its headquarters.The estimated cost is about $ 40 billion;assets - 46.6 billion dollars;revenues - 20.3 billion dollars;profit - 4.3 billion dollars."Surgutneftegas" provides jobs for more than 110 thousand people.
JSC "Bank VTB»
Finishes our list of another financial institution.The beginning of its activities is 1990, before the company was known as "Vneshtorgbank".This commercial organization was able to get around the size of the authorized capital of "Sberbank of Russia" and in terms of assets has taken a strong second place.The head office of the company is located in Moscow, but the reception area is a cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg.The market value of the company's preliminary estimate of 26.4 billion dollars;Equity - $ 19.7 billion;assets - 139.3 billion dollars;revenues - 12.6 billion dollars.The company provides jobs for nearly 70 thousand people.
As you can see, the rating fell just oil and gas companies and financial institutions.However, large enterprises in Russia are not limited to the mining sphere, albeit they do not have many assets and profits of space, but they also have something to boast.For example, some of them even got into the Guinness World Records.But more on that later.
manufacturing facilities in Russia."Izhora Plant»
This company, though no match for the leaders of our ranking, but he is known and respected throughout the world.This plant is one of the largest in the world, capable of producing virtually any parts.And some of them are not available anywhere else.The company belongs to the sub-sectors of heavy engineering.It is located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg).The nomenclature of the plant includes a powerful excavators, rolling and power equipment, plates and bars and more.The company is the only one in Kolpino in Russia producer of casings for nuclear reactors.
«Uralvagonzavod»
Russian defense enterprises include more than 1,200 plants in various fields.Many of them are widely known, as their products often has no analogues in the world.However, in this article we look at the company from the perspective of their size, in this regard should focus on the "Uralvagonzavod".Due to its size it was in the Guinness Book of Records and is the largest company in the world, with an area of 827,000 square meters.Located in Sverdlovsk region, Nizhny Tagil in the city.In fact, it is a scientific-industrial corporation which is engaged in both the development and production of new models of military equipment, road construction machinery, rail cars.The corporation includes manufacturing facilities, design bureaus and research institutes.The state owns all the shareholding of the company.
In conclusion
Although virtually ceases global economic crisis, Russia remains a global industrial power.More recently (in historical context), our country has drastically changed its course of development, and today no one will reproach the Russians in the absence of desire to work, to build their future in the conditions of capitalist realities.Let the skeptics say that the share of industrial production in Russia steadily declining and demand are only extractive industries, that virtually all the raw materials for export.Of course, these words have some truth, but it should be understood that, as in the wild, where survival of the fittest.In recent years, the construction complex and industrial enterprises of Russia are rapidly developing in the direction of major upgrading and conversion plants to work on new standards and technologies.Now the emphasis is on economically viable production volumes with a minimum number of workers.This is achieved by high-tech equipment and an increase in the share of the automation of the production process.
This trend has led to the fact that in the last ten years the number of plants has increased substantially.As a result, for ease of orientation in the mass of the companies it developed a directory from which you can see how many companies in Russia, their contact details, what they produce and a variety of other information that will be useful to both entrepreneurs and ordinary people.This idea was realized in the framework of the project "The whole industry of Russia."
