expulsion or expulsion as a separate individuals in particular and people in general carried out in the world practice, the state quite often, much more frequently than it seems at first glance.Deportation - this is precisely the legal term that means the removal of any of the places of permanent residence.And preliminary accusation: socially dangerous!
In the USSR
Deportation - the banishment, the reference (from the Latin word «deportatio»).One of its main features, for example, in the Soviet Union was often non-judicial in nature, as well as the movement of large numbers of people in remote and geographically inhospitable areas of the country.According to some historians, the deportation of the peoples was made applicable to the ten nationalities of the former USSR: the Koreans, the Finns, the Germans, the Kalmyks, Karachai, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars, Balkars, Meskhetian Turks.And some of them at the same time deprived of their national autonomy!But, in fact, subjected to forced relocation, and many others - social and ethnic - categories of citizens of the Soviet Union.The Cossacks, fists, Chinese, Poles, Latvians, Estonians, Armenians, Tajiks ... In general, the scope, as always, impressive!
history
can say deportation - a policy of expulsion and genocide.And it began in 1918 -1925 years.White Guard Cossacks forced displacement and large landowners.They were sent to the Donbass, the North Caucasus and the Far North.Their land was handed over to the Chechens and Ingush.
in the 30s across the country still operated schools where teaching was conducted in the languages of the different nationalities.For example, in Leningrad, published newspapers in forty languages (including Chinese)!And were broadcast in Finnish (in the Leningrad region representatives of this nationality lived a great many).But somewhere in the mid 30's the state waives the previous national policy for the elimination of political and cultural autonomy of ethnic peoples.This comes against the background of rigid centralization of power in the country, go to the repression of potential and real opposition.Arrests Germans, Finns, Estonians and Latvians in Leningrad.From the border areas forcibly evicted local people (the majority - the Finns).The Poles and the Germans (fifteen thousand families - 65 000 people) evicted from Ukraine, from the territory, which is adjacent to the border with Poland - to Kazakhstan and Karaganda.At the end of the decade completely rolled-up to the publication of the press and literature in the national language, gradually eliminated all national village councils and districts.
deportation of the Korean people
It was one of the first in the Soviet Union.And so - and the most unprepared.The eviction happened forcibly, using the forces of the NKVD, in the "freight train" in the worst conditions, which led to the maximum number of casualties along the way.As a result, 172,000 Koreans were deported from regions of the Far East (the border) in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the virgin lands in the territory of uninhabited by man.And how many people died!
deportation of Germans
In 1941, in August, the government decree abolished the Volga German Autonomous Republic.About four hundred thousand Germans were deported (and two days) in the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan.There have also been subject to forced relocation representatives of the peoples of the country which were in Hitler coalition (the Finns, Bulgarians, Hungarians).And in 1942 deported from the front area about forty thousand people!Moreover, those who returned alive after the war, were deported again in 1947-1948.
Operation Lentil
In January 1944 Beria claims a special instruction on how to conduct the resettlement of people in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.It is known that Beria personally directed this criminal operation in which a conservative estimate was attended by one hundred and twenty thousand soldiers and officers of the NKVD, and other divisions.In February, he comes to Grozny and met with the leadership of the republic, and religious leaders, offering to carry out preparatory work among the local people.And 23 February begins operation on forced eviction of an entire people.There were a code word "Panther" (radioed), which undermined the future of many people.Deportation - it's always a pain and tragedy.
But not everything went as smoothly as hoped NKVD.The relocation of the Chechens and Ingush from the local population was accompanied by multiple attempts to escape, insubordination to the authorities.According to the NKVD managed to hide in the mountains about seven thousand people were arrested over two thousand rebels, about a thousand - were killed."Law enforcement", so to speak, authorities seized during the operation was about twenty thousand rifles, machine guns and machine guns, other firearms.And this is only the official data!We can say that Chechen and Ingush peoples to provide decent resistance to unlawful violence then authorities.
deportation of the Crimean Tatars
motivation of illegal relocation of an entire people is quite common: collaboration with the Nazis during the occupation of the Crimea and the consequent social danger.The deportation of the Tatars began in May 1944, later, during perestroika, it was deemed illegal and a criminal and was sentenced in the USSR.I must say that during the Second World War, some Tatars actually desertion to the enemy, engaging in volunteer military units by the Nazis.But this event - not a reason to even out all the representatives of the people.But even the "good" Crimean Tatars who fought in the ranks of the SA, past the war to victory, after demobilization were relocated (sent to places of deportation).According to the NKVD, only in Uzbekistan, there were more than six thousand Tatars veterans, many of whom had previously been awarded, even the government.Moreover, immigrants will only be given a half an hour to get ready (some of them - a few minutes)!Sometimes a shot on the spot those who could no longer walk.The road is rarely fed, kept without water.Transported in boxcars, without toilets, without facilities.The dead were buried in a hurry near the railroad tracks.There was no medical care, people started to get sick.
Such was the fate of many other illegally displaced peoples: Karachai, Kalmyks, Balkars, Azeris, Greeks, Turks, Armenians.We now know that the deportation has caused the economy and culture of the USSR irreparable damage.And also undermines the authority of the government, manifested negative aspects of national policy issue.
Justification (Rehabilitation Act 1991)
According to him, considered repressed peoples (as well as - ethnic groups and other communities of people), in relation to which at the national level - on the basis of one or another accessory -pursued a policy of genocide and defamation, accompanied by the relocation and destruction.All the illegal migration of peoples were acquitted, exonerated, and where possible, returned to their original habitat.
Modern law (the law on deportation in 2014)
In today's legal environment, the term is synonymous with administrative expulsion.This penalty applies in respect of stateless persons.Deportation of foreign nationals is their voluntary-controlled, leaving the country in which they reside.Under the new law, the entry into the territory of Russia is prohibited for more than half a million foreigners!
deportation of migrants is also expected if violated the rules of stay in the country, provided by the legislation (mostly a maximum of 90 days for six months, as well as ordinary wrongful offense).For companies employing illegal immigrants at work, provided for higher fines up to one million rubles.In repeated cases - sanctions, including the closing of the company.In addition, for most of the migrant also provides for a system of fines and even criminal penalties!
