Republic of Nepal, known as the birthplace of the Buddha, is the most mountainous country in the world.On the north side it is bordered by the Great Himalayan Range, several famous peaks exceeding 8,000 meters, including Mount Everest is located - the highest mountain in the world (8848 meters).
Everest: Who won the place of the gods
According to popular belief, this place is considered the home of the gods, so anyone had not occurred to him to climb.
Top of the world had even a special name: Mount Qomolangma ("Mother - goddess of peace") - Tibetans and Sagarmatha ("heaven Forehead") - in Nepalese.Everest it became known only in 1856, did not agree with what China and India, as well as the direct perpetrator of renaming - British aristocrat, scholar-surveyor military rolled into one - George Everest, who was able to first identify the exact location of the Himalayan peaks, and its height.The press is still from time to time there are disputes about the mountain, located in Asia, should not have a European name.Who was the first to conquer Everest - the top of which dreams almost every climber?
graceful beauty top of the world
Nature Everest with rocks, snow and eternal ice is harsh and threatening silence is beautiful.There is almost always dominated by the extreme cold (up to -60 ° C), frequent phenomena - avalanches and snow slides, and mountain peaks on all sides blown evil wind gust speed reaches 200 km / h.At an altitude of about 8000 meters begins the "death zone", called for such a lack of oxygen (30% of the amount present at sea level).
risk for what?
Nevertheless, despite such harsh natural conditions, the conquest of Everest was and is the dream of many mountaineers in the world.To stand on top of a few minutes to go down in history, look at the world from under heaven height - is this not happiness?For this unforgettable moment climbers are willing to risk their own lives.And the risk of knowing that they can stay in the unexplored edge of forever and ever.Factors possible loss of life, got there is a lack of oxygen, frostbite, injury, heart failure, fatal accidents and even indifference partners.
In 1996, a group of climbers from Japan while climbing Mount Everest has met three Indians - climbers, is in a semiconscious state.They died because the Japanese did not have a care "competitors", indifferently passing by.In 2006, 42 climbers, together with TV channel «Discovery» indifferently passed slowly die from hypothermia Englishman David Sharp, also tried to interview him and take photographs.As a result, a daredevil who decided alone to conquer Mount Everest, died from frostbite and oxygen starvation.One of the Russian climbers Alexander Abramov such actions colleagues explains: "At an altitude of over 8,000 meters of a man who seeks to conquer the summit, are fully occupied and has no extra forces to help in such conditions, exorbitant."
Trying George Mallory: successful or not?
So after all who first conquered Mount Everest?Opening of George Everest, who had not conquered this mountain, triggered the unbridled desire of many climbers to reach the summit of the world, that the first (in 1921) decided to George Mallory - National Everest.Unfortunately, his attempt failed: heavy snow, strong winds and the lack of experience of lifting to a height of British climber stopped.However unattainable top of Mallory beckoned, and he carried out two unsuccessful ascent (in 1922 and 1924).During the last expedition of George Mallory and his partner Andrew Irvine on a bunch of completely missing.Newest through a gap in the clouds rising to the top of one of them saw the members of the expedition Noel Odell.Only after 75 years, the American search expedition at an altitude of 8155 meters have been found the remains of Mallory.Based on their location, the climbers fell into the abyss.Also in scientific circles, the study of all remains the same, and their location, it has been suggested that George Mallory - the first man to conquer Everest.The body of Andrew Irvine found or not.
1924-1938 were marked by the organization has a number of expeditions, however, unsuccessful.After them on the Everest for a time forgotten, because the Second World War.
pioneers who first conquered Mount Everest?Nepokorimuyu decided to storm the summit in 1952, the Swiss, but the maximum height traversed by them stood at around 8,500 meters, 348 meters did not give climbers due to bad weather conditions.
Assuming that Mallory could not get to the top of the highest mountains in the world, the question of who first conquered Mount Everest, you can safely answer - New Zealander Edmund Hillary in 1953, and not himself, and an assistant - SherpaNorgeem Tenzing.
By the way, Sherpa (Tibetan, "Cher" - east, "pa" - people) - the same people, without which, perhaps, hardly anyone would be able to achieve such a coveted top.This is a mountain people who settled in Nepal more than 500 years ago.It is easiest managed sherpas climbing Mount Everest, as the mountain - their homeland, which is familiar to every path from the very childhood.
Sherpas - reliable helpers on the way to the top
Sherpas - very good-natured people who can not cause offense to anyone.For them, the murder of an ordinary mosquito or the field mouse is considered a terrible sin, which is very much needed otmalivat.At the Sherpas have their own language, but now they are almost all speak English.This great achievement Edmund Hillary - the first conqueror of Everest.In gratitude for the invaluable help it on its own funds to build a school in one of the main villages.
Although all intrusion into the life of Sherpa civilization lifestyle remains largely patriarchal.Traditional settlements - a two-storey stone house on the ground floor which is usually contained animals: yaks, sheep, goats, and the family itself is usually located on the second floor;there is a kitchen, bedroom, living room.Furniture minimum.Thanks to the pioneering climbers are not so long ago there was electricity;gas or some kind of central heating they have so far not.The fuel for cooking they use yak dung, which had previously been harvested and dried on the rocks.
inaccessible Mount Everest ... who first conquered the distant peaks: Edmund Hillary or George Mallory?The answer, scientists are looking to the present day, as well as an answer to the question of what year conquered Everest in 1924 or 1953.
Records of Everest Everest
yielded not a single person, even the records were put on temporary ascent to the top.For example, in 2004 Sherpa Pemba Dorj came to her from the base camp in 10 hours 46 minutes, while the majority of climbers on the same operation can take up to several days.The fastest down the mountain in 1988, the Frenchman Jean-Marc Boivin, however, he made the leap to paroplane.
Women conquer Everest, in no way inferior to men, and stubbornly and persistently overcoming every meter ascent to the top.The first of the fairer half of humanity in 1975 was the Japanese Junko Tabey, 10 days - Phantog, Tibetan climber.
who first conquered Everest in the elderly?The oldest conqueror of vertices is a 76-year-old resident of Nepal - Min Bahadur Sher Khan, and the youngest - 13-year-old American Jordan Romero.Interestingly persistence of another young conqueror of the "top of the world" - 15-year-old Sherpa Temba Tseri, whose first attempt was unsuccessful due to lack of strength and frostbite Brush both hands.Upon returning Tembe 5 amputated fingers that did not stop him, he conquered Mount Everest in his second ascent.
Among the disabled also have the first person to conquer Everest.This is Mark Inglis, rose to the top of the world in 2006 with the help of prostheses.Hero even joked that unlike the other climbers did not frostbitten toes.And he frostbitten feet before while trying to climb the highest peak in New Zealand - the peak of the Cook, after which they were amputated.
Apparently, Everest has some magical powers to it when hundreds of climbers flock.To conquer it once again and again came back, trying to do it again.
Alluring peak - Mount Everest
who first conquered Mount Everest?Why are people so drawn to this place?Reasons for this are many.Tickling nerves, lack of thrills, the desire to test themselves, boredom of everyday life ....
Texas millionaire Dick Bass - the man who conquered Everest.He is not a professional climber, was not going to spend years in the careful preparation of a dangerous ascent and decided to conquer the peak of the world at once, as they say: here and now.Bass was willing to pay any money to those who contribute to translate its seemingly unrealistic dream.
Dick Bass still able to reach the summit of Mount Everest, and assistants in the expedition turned out to assemble a team which achieved millionaire comfort Climbing up;People carry the entire load, tents, oxygen cylinders, water, food.That is to say, the ascent took place in an "all inclusive" and it was the beginning of commercial trips to the summit.
That since 1985, to reach the summit can be anyone having to do a sufficient amount of cash.To date, the cost of one of the ascent varies from 40 to 85 thousand dollars, depending on the hoist side of the mountain.If the trip takes place on the part of Nepal, it is more expensive because it requires special permission of the king, standing 10 thousand dollars.The remaining amount is paid for the organization of the expedition.
even had a wedding ...
In 2005, Mona Mulet and Pem Georgie played on top of the world's wedding.Climbing upstairs, the couple took off for a few minutes of oxygen masks, wearing around the neck of the traditional colored garlands.Then Pem anointed scarlet powder forehead of his bride, symbolizing marriage.Newlyweds his action was kept secret from everyone: parents, friends, companions on the expedition because it does not have confidence in the successful outcome of planned actions.
So how many people climb Mount Everest?Surprisingly, to date, more than 4,000 people.And the optimal period for climbing the gentle weather conditions considered to be spring and autumn.True, this idyll lasts a little time - just a few weeks, climbers who try to use the most fruitful.
According to the statistics of those who stormed the Everest, dies every ten, with most of the accidents occur during the descent when the power is almost gone.Theoretically, you can conquer Everest for a few days.In practice, it requires a gradual and optimal combination of ups and halts.
