If you wonder what is produced from coal and oil, you can come to the conclusion that much.These two minerals are used as the main source of hydrocarbons.Consideration should be given in order.
Oil Oil is a fossil fuel, is characterized by a dark brown color and a high density.In essence, it is a complex mixture of substances generally are liquid hydrocarbons.On the composition of the oil is a naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic.However, most often found mixed product type.Besides hydrocarbon oil contains impurities consisting of organic sulfur compounds and oxygen, and water containing dissolved magnesium and calcium salts.
not ruled out the content and mechanical impurities in the form of clay and sand.If we talk about what oil is better than coal, it is there to say about the value of the raw materials to produce various types of motor fuel of the highest quality.After the purification of water and other undesirable impurities processing performed this type of resource.This occurs mainly by distillation.At its base lies the difference of boiling points of hydrocarbons, which are included in its composition.
How is the distillation
Since crude oil contains hundreds of different substances, many of which are close enough boiling point, is almost impossible selection of individual hydrocarbons.Therefore, separation by distillation is carried out on oil fractions which boil over a very wide temperature range.At ordinary temperatures the oil by distillation it is separated into four fractions: diesel (180-350 ° C), kerosene (120-315 ° C), gasoline (30-180 ° C) and fuel oil as a residue after the procedure.If further say that obtained from coal and oil, it is worth noting that each of these components in a more careful distillation can be divided into even smaller fraction.For example, a portion of the gasoline available petroleum ether, ligroin and actually gasoline.The first material contains in its composition pentane and hexane, whereby it becomes an excellent solvent for the resins and fats.
Components
As part of the gasoline are unbranched saturated hydrocarbons from deans to pentanes, cycloalkanes and benzene.After suitable processing it is used for automotive and aeronautical internal combustion engine as fuel.Naphtha, which are composed of hydrocarbons and kerosene is used as fuel for heating and lighting appliances for domestic use.Large quantities of kerosene used as fuel for rockets and jet aircraft.
If further understand that is produced from coal and oil, that is to say about the diesel fraction of refined petroleum, which usually serves as fuel for diesel engines.The structure consists of high-boiling hydrocarbon oil.By distillation under reduced pressure of the oil normally receive various lubricating oil destination.The residue, which is available after processing oil, called tar.From this is obtained a substance as bitumen.These products are intended for use in road construction.Fuel oil is often used as the boiler fuel.
other working of
To understand better coal than oil, it is necessary to find out what other treatments they are subjected to.Oil is processed by cracking, ie thermal catalytic conversion of its parts.Cracking can be one of the following:
- Thermal.In this case, splitting is performed hydrocarbons under the influence of elevated temperatures.
- catalyst.It is conducted at high temperatures, but it has added to the catalyst, making it possible to manage and maintain it in any particular direction.
If we talk about what oil is better than coal, it should be said that in the process of cracking form unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are widely applied in the industrial synthesis of organic substances.
Coal
processing of this raw material is produced in three ways: hydrogenation, carbonization and incomplete combustion.Each of these involves the use of a particular process.
Coking involves finding the raw material in coke ovens at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C without access of oxygen.This process allows for the most complicated chemical transformations that result will be the formation of coke and volatile products.First in the cooled state is sent to the enterprise industry.The volatile products are cooled, after which ammonia water obtained and coal tar.There are still a lot of non-condensed substances.If we talk about why oil is better than coal, it should be noted that from the first raw material is obtained much more finished products.Each of the substances is directed to a certain production.
Currently carried out even oil production from coal to provide much more valuable fuel.
