cabbage called third bread.It is valued for nutritional, dietary therapeutic properties.Cabbage is not afraid of frost, it can grow even in the northern regions in the open field.The biggest demand is cabbage.How to grow the queen of the northern fields, that she was, in peasant saying, sounded in the old days during the landing, "puzastaya rather than wading"?
varieties and hybrids
choosing seeds, you need to decide on the retention of heads and decide how they will be used - for fresh consumption or for pickling.
«Transfer F», «Dumas F», «Malachite F», «Dawn F», «Kazachok F», «Dawn", "The June" - early maturing varieties and hybrids.Ripening time - 40-60 days after transplanting.Kochan intended for fresh consumption.During ripening, they do not crack.Plants are resistant to pathogens, "blackleg" and clubroot.
«Menza F», «Jubilee F», «Meador F», «Glory 1305", "Dobrovodskaya" - middle-cabbage, suitable for storage and fermentation.From transplanting to harvest it takes 90-120 days.
«Kryumon F», «Kryumon", "Geneva F», «Aros F», «Tyurkiz", "Amager" - late-ripening varieties and hybrids.Ripening time - from 120 to 140 days.Kochan can be stored for a long time, suitable for pickling.
Cabbage: planting and care
Dry seeds for fifteen minutes, pour water, warmed to a temperature of 50 ° C.Then, one minute they were placed in cold water.Then drain it, the seeds are soaked for 12 hours in a solution of any complex fertilizers: a glass of water taken half a teaspoon of fertilizer.Thereafter, the seeds were washed with cold water and placed on a day on the middle shelf of the refrigerator.These procedures need to speed up germination and increase resistance to cold.After quenching dried seeds and start sowing in a prepared shkolku filled with special soil.Soil composition: equal volumes of humus, peat and sand.A bucket of soil mixed in a tablespoon of granules of superphosphate and three tablespoons of wood ash.For growing seedlings should not take vegetable garden earth or humus - they may be pathogens, which are afraid of cabbage.
How to grow sprouts?In shallow boxes, a groove depth of less than one centimeter, seeds of distance as one centimeter apart.Before the advent of retirements, three or four days, put a box on the window sill, where the temperature - 18-20 ° C.The box with the shoots are transferred to a cool (not exceeding 8 ° C) and light place, that the seedlings are not stretched.Ten seedlings dive into pots with a diameter and a depth of at least 8 centimeters on the same ground, spilling pre-solution of potassium permanganate (a bucket of water take 1 gram of crystal).Seedlings to bury cotyledon leaves.Two or three days until the seedlings are not accustomed, it is suitable for temperatures of 17-18 ° C.Gradually the temperature was lowered to 3-4 ° C.After twenty days to healthy seedlings should appear three leaves.At constant region planted plants with 4-5 leaves, not counting the cotyledon.It should be up to 15 days before transplanting the seedlings begin hardening light and low temperature (5-6 ° C) - seedlings carried to the air.
sowing time: early varieties - from the middle of March to of medium and late varieties - from April 10.
Proper watering (warm water) with ventilation, foliar application (at seedling stage - 2 times) complex fertilizer with trace elements (watering of leechki on leaves) - that loves a little cabbage.
How to grow it in a permanent place?Abundant watering with warm water (18 ° C) in the morning or in the evening every three days for two weeks in a row on half a bucket of water per square meter of soil, and then - once a week for a bucket of water per square meter of soil.Liberally sprinkled with the tying cabbage fork.Care includes mandatory hoeing between the rows once a week after irrigation or rain, and ridging after 20 days after planting and every 10 days thereafter.It should treat the cabbage dressings during the growing season four times.The first feeding - with a solution mullein (0.5: 10), which is poured at the roots.Ten days later the plants are fed with the same solution mullein with the addition of one tablespoon of rastvorina or crystalline.A third top dressing is required for late cabbage in June, two tablespoons of superphosphate and minerals tablet dissolved in 10 liters of water per square meter of soil.In August, every square meter plot with late cabbage fed nitrophosphate (one tablespoon per 10 liters of water).
How to grow a white cabbage healthy
Under the culture necessary to withdraw the open flat area.Be aware of the rotation, the best precursors - root vegetables, garlic, onions, cucumbers, beans and grains.Cabbage cabbage planted in just five years (not clubroot - dangerous disease).Planted seedlings in cloudy weather the first week and for the protection of plants create burdock leaves, pine sprigs.Very helpful young cabbage spraying from a watering can.
About cabbage pests and combat
from many pests may suffer cabbage.How to grow it and protect plants from diseases and pests are not too difficult.But if this is not done, the crop can be ruined in the bud.
To combat the "black leg" - in this disease in the young seedlings thinned stem at soil level, and stalk dark - should be on time to stop watering treat damage to the solution of manganese and sprinkle them with ash or chalk.
against cruciferous cabbage flea help neighborhood with tomatoes, onions, garlic.Get rid of this pest may be, the treated plants are tobacco extract, ash, garlic, tomato and potato tops.A bucket of water heated to a temperature of 25 ° C, it is necessary to take a glass scrolled in a meat grinder garlic, leaves, glass of ash and tobacco smoking, stir, strain, pour a tablespoon of liquid soap and immediately begin spraying the plants.
From the cabbage fly helps to get rid of the infusion of tobacco.200 grams of tobacco and a tablespoon of soap poured a bucket of hot water.Followed by a solution of cool and throw him the soil around the plants.You can sprinkle the soil daunting mixture of ash and tobacco dust (100 grams each substance) with the addition of ground red hot pepper (1 tsp).Immediately after this it is necessary to loosen the soil.
against snails and slugs - lovers feast on succulent leaves are used from time to time the soil around the plants pollinated by a gauze bag wood ashes to which well admixed pepper (black or red), dry mustard, fine table salt.Pollinated plants should be in the heat, after pollination is necessary to immediately loosen the soil.Five days later, this procedure should be repeated.
To get rid of aphids treatment is necessary underside of the leaf extract of tobacco dust with ash, mustard with the addition of one tablespoon of liquid soap.But if aphids bred in the evening plants should be treated "Malathion" (two tablespoons of substance on the bucket of water), and immediately cover the bed of the film for two hours.
Dangerous Butterfly - Cabbage pierid and cabbage moth.The first day, the second night, lay their eggs on the back of the leaves, of which there are green caterpillars.Requires a daily collection of eggs and larvae.At the time, cover the cabbage patch lutrasilom.Effective against caterpillars - drug "Fury", which is sprayed plants.
When slime bacteriosis cabbages become slimy and rot.Prevention of the disease is in watering solution of potassium permanganate and ash pollination during growth to get rid of pests - carriers of putrefying bacteria.
When watering with cold water or poor ventilation can affect seedlings of cabbage mildew Downy.At the first sign of illness (yellowish oily stains from farinose) should spray the plants with a solution of copper sulphate (a bucket of water take a tablespoon of vitriol and a tablespoon of liquid soap).
Spraying drug "Topaz" - according to the instructions.Against disease and pests targeted by numerous chemicals "Inta-sup," "fundazol", "oksihom" and biologicals "Barrier", "barrier", "Boom".Protect cabbage help and preparation "Topaz."When using these substances is necessary to act according to the instructions attached to it.
