original concept, which is built on the basis of the whole general philosophical view of the world (regardless of the philosophical system) - a category of existence.The concept is very difficult.Therefore, we look at what is being, and will also learn basic forms.
key sections of philosophical science, which studies the problems of life is an ontology (ie, "the doctrine of the essence").The ontology is based on fundamental principles of emergence and existence of nature, man and society as a whole.
It is a problem of being once started becoming philosophy.The ancient Indian, ancient Chinese and ancient philosophers first developed problems of ontology, philosophy, and only then decided to expand the scope of its study and included problems of epistemological, axiological, logical, aesthetic and ethical.But one way or another, they all have their basis is the ontology.
Before we review the main forms of life, find out what is meant by the philosophy of this category.It is easy to notice that the concept of a "verbal", derived from the word "to be".What does it mean?Exist.Therefore, it can be regarded as being synonymous with the world of reality, the reality of the essence.
This category covers almost all that really exists - in nature and in society, and even in thinking.Thus, it turns out that being - it is the most common term, comprehensive, a kind of extremely generalized abstraction, combining a variety of phenomena, objects, processes, states only on the basis of the fact that they exist.
Depending on the variety of reality (beingness, existence) distinguish such basic types of life as a subjective and objective reality.It includes all of the objective reality that exists by itself, that is, outside man and independently of his mind.Subjective reality is covering everything that belongs to a person that does not exist outside of it (the spiritual world of the individual, the world's consciousness and mental states).If we consider these two realities together, we can distinguish four basic forms of life.
1. Genesis of things, processes, tel.It, in turn, allocate:
Being natural - the existence of bodies, things and processes that are untouched by man, and that was even before his appearance on the planet (atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and so on).
Income - the existence of processes and things that are created, or convert people.It is accepted to industry, tools, cities, energy, furniture, clothing, artificially bred varieties of plants, animal species, etc.
2. Human
main forms of human existence is:
Being an individual in the real world.From this point of human philosophy considers as a thing among things, a body among bodies, an object among objects.The man is subordinate to the laws of the various (in particular, biological, physical, chemical), change that he could not - he was only there among them.
own human Being.Here the individual is no longer perceived as an object.Man - this is a subject not only obeys the laws of nature, but is a spiritual, moral and social being.
3. Spiritual
main forms of spiritual life is:
Being individualized.These include the personal conscious and unconscious processes, wearing a purely individual character.
Being objectified as it is on the individualized consciousness.This includes all that is the property of society, not just the individual and social consciousness in various forms (religion, philosophy, art, science, morality, and so on).
4. Being social, which is isolated:
reality of the individual as a subject in the progress of history and society.From this point of view, the individual is a bearer of social skills and relations.
reality of the society that embraces the totality of all of his activities as a single organism, including all cultural and civilizational processes, material production, spiritual spheres, etc.
