Neva lip called the waters, located in the eastern Gulf of Finland.To the top lip fixed sleeves of the Neva River.They feed the shallow bay, its desalinating water.Neva Bay is characterized by specific features which leads to a special hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes.
second title of the Neva Bay
At the beginning of XIX century sailors serving in the Baltic Fleet, ironically called the Gulf Markizova puddle.Marine Ministry of the Russian Empire, then ran the Marquis de Traverse II.He imposed a ban on long sea voyages.The fleet, cruising, not leave the limits of Kronstadt.Baltic officers sarcastically mocked the policy official, used it for the title of the nicknames of the Gulf.
Geographical location
the east bay of the Neva Bay outlined outskirts sand bar, formed by the Neva River.In the west, it limits the contour line of Lisy Nos - Kronstadt - Lomonosov.The north side of the waters adjacent to the nature reserve "The north coast of the Neva Bay."
With the rest of the Gulf of Finland (not yet appeared defenses) lip connected straits were in the area of the island Kotlin and bore the name of the North and South Gates.Now, the Gulf of Finland separates from the lip (the outline of the Mountain - Kronstadt - Bronk) monolithic complex formed by dikes designed to protect St. Petersburg from flooding.In the current state of the Neva Bay is an isolated body of water flow.
Description Neva Bay
Before the construction of dams water mirror lip covers an area of 329 km2.Now, given that the western boundary of the reservoir passes through the protective complex formed by dams, the area close to the mouth of 380 km2.Water area with a sandy flat bottom fills the water mass volume of 1.2 cubic kilometers.
Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland from east to west stretches for 21 kilometers - is the maximum length of the reservoir.The maximum width of the water area is about 15 kilometers away, and the depth ranges from three to five meters.
Approaches to security complex on the western and eastern sides are framed by hedges of natural and artificial origin.Because of the obstacles and Monolithic water exchange between the salt water, filling the Gulf of Finland, and desalinated water area of the mouth is difficult.Obstacles do not allow to invade wind waves, walk around the bay, the bay.
western line Lomonosov shoal, which outlines security complex, abuts the South Gate.Because of this a navigation channel communicate with each other Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay.South Gate District is not too wide, just 200 meters away.The average depth of water is 16 meters.
mouth of the Neva lip is connected with the Sea shipping channel.The Nevsky coast, occupies the eastern waters of the lips formed a whole system of sandbars and fairways interspersed with longitudinal hollows.The fairways are presented channels: Elaginsky, Petrovsky, Galley, ship, rowing and Marine.The minimum depth of 1.5 meter shallows.The length of the bar from west to east - 3-5 km, from south to north - 12-15 km.
Feature coasts and weather conditions
Coast, which is framed by the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland to the north, a low, marshy places or elevated alluvium.The banks are overgrown with scrub and woodland.South Coast, stretching from the mouth of the Neva Strelna, too low.Beach, stretching west Strelna, elevated and covered with forests.Coast surf in areas littered with boulders.
Neva Bay is filled with fresh water.Just to the west waters of brackish water.In the coastal zone slowed water exchange.In summer, the water warms up to depths of 16-19 ° C, in the shallows - up to 21-23 ° C.The duration of the swimming season, ranges from 50 to 70 days.
Ice mode of the Neva Bay
With the approaching mid-November on a water mirror lips appear in the form of ice and slush fat.Complete freezing of the reservoir is marked by the end of December.Fully ice cover is installed at different times.The length of time depends on weather conditions in the Gulf.The icy calm weather and ice rises in 2-3 days.When winds and mild frost process takes about a month.
Under typical conditions, the thickness of the ice at the end of the winter growing to 30-70 centimeters (near the fairway it does not exceed 20 cm).In an extremely icy winter ice thickness close to the coast in the area of 80-100 cm in the central part of the reservoir - to 60-80 cm, and in the fairway is 20-30 centimeters.Reveals the thickness of the ice begins in the last week of April.And by the end of the month the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland is fully exempt from Wintergrasp.
ice cover gradually crumbling.Ice universally cut through cracks in the fairways gaping gullies.Ice opened in two ways: from the central part of the bay to the coastlines and on the east side to the west.
Fauna Neva Bay
Ichthyofauna reservoir represented 27 species of freshwater fish: perch, roach, pike, ruff, dace and other.Within the boundaries of the Gulf of Finland noted marine species: cod, eelpout, flounder, herring, sprat.Here, each year produces about 3000 tons of fish.Of significant commercial species, particularly rainbow smelt.
Neva Bay - the perfect abode for birds.The composition of the avifauna is diverse.There are many species of nesting waterfowl species of birds.During the period of migration in the region of the lips organize parking migratory birds.Within the waters are representatives of woodpeckers and coraciiformes, waders and passerines, waterfowl and birds of prey.
