On the basis of Vedic mythology in the middle of the first millennium BC in India received the birth of ancient Indian philosophy.This happened at a time when people were first attempts at comprehension of the world - space, animate and inanimate nature, as well as himself.This progress was made possible as a result, primarily, of mental evolution when Homo sapiens was made differentiation of nature as a means of their habitat and the gradual release of her self.
On the basis of these conclusions appeared ability to perceive the world, outer space, as something radically different from him.The man began to make the appropriate conclusions, and then meditate.The basic postulates of ancient Indian philosophy is the belief that the life cycle is not limited to one single birth followed by death.The doctrine has three main periods:
- Vedic;
- classic;
- Hindu.
Formation doctrine "Ayurveda philosophy" based on the Vedas ("knowledge" - in Sanskrit) - religious and philosophical treatises.Law Rita - support ontologies Indian philosophy, is the order and the relationship, and the cyclical nature of the cosmic evolution.Inhaling and exhaling of Brahma is associated with being and non-being and continues to exist for one hundred years of space.The nothingness after death lasts for hundreds of years of space, after which he revived.
features ancient Indian philosophy is the manifestation of attention to reflections on knowledge of the transcendent, in contrast to Western scholars.Because faith is eternal and cyclical process and updated the world was not created by the history of philosophy.That is why the theory of society and esthetics - two separate science.The main distinguishing feature of the teaching of "ancient Indian philosophy" is the direct study of the processes that occur in the mind in contact with the world of phenomena and objects.
origin of philosophical thought comes at a time when the first class of the state and society began to replace tribal relations.The ancient literary monuments have become carriers of certain philosophical ideas, which are summarized in the millennial experience of mankind.And the Most Ancient philosophy is originating in India and China.
ancient Indian philosophy.School
a result of spiritual change in the development of the country and established the prerequisites for social, political and economic development in the VI century BC in India, there are the first state, are rapidly developing the productive forces, in connection with the transition from bronze to iron.In addition, the form of commodity-money relations, begin to grow scientific research, there is criticism of the reign of moral attitudes and perceptions.These factors became the basis for the emergence of a number of schools and doctrines, which in turn are divided into two groups.Give preference to the authority of the Vedas - it is orthodox philosophical schools and do not deny their infallibility - an unorthodox school of ancient India.
ancient Indian philosophy.The main orthodox teachings
- Vedanta.In turn, it forms two directions:
- Advaita, recognizes no reality in the world except Brahman - the highest single spiritual entity;
- Vishishtadvaita-worship three realities: matter, soul and God.
- Mimansa.Scientists recognize the existence of the spiritual and the material in the universe began.
- Sankhya.The basis - the recognition of two of the atoms in the universe: the spiritual - Purusha (consciousness) and material - Prakriti (nature, matter).
- Nyaya.Scientists say the existence of the universe consisting of atoms.
- Vaisheshika.It is grounded on the belief that the world consists of substances that have an effect and quality.Everything that exists is divided into seven categories, namely: substance, community, action, quality, inherence, feature oblivion.
- Yoga.According to him - the main purpose of man and all his actions should be to complete liberation from material existence.This can be achieved by following the yoga (meditation) and voyrage (detachment and dispassion).
main unorthodox school :
- Jainism.
- Buddhism.
- Lokayata.
