Award is a form of promotion is a testament to the recognition of merit.Its main species in Russia is the title of Hero of Labor, Hero of Russia, various other honorary titles, medals and awards, diplomas, diplomas, badges, awards, entering on the honor roll or in the Book of Honor, as well as the announcement of gratitude, and others. Battle honors (medals) among them occupy a very important place.
role of our country in World War II
for all the people of our country was the greatest test of the Great Patriotic War.Armed Forces of the USSR were assisted not only countrymen but also other ethnic groups living in Europe, relieving them from fascist slavery.For this, many people have received combat medals.The Soviet armed forces have carried out their duty in regard to the peoples of Asia, subjugated militaristic Japan, primarily in Vietnam, Korea, China.
How many medals and awards were handed at the time?
For feats at the front were awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union 11 603 Warrior.Of these, 104 people have received it twice, and AIPokryshkin, INKozhedub and GKZhukov - three times.
10,900 orders were delivered to ships, units and formations of the Armed Forces.In the Soviet Union was created as coherent war economy, there was unity of the rear and front.During the war, founded 12 medals, in addition, 25 medals.They are awarded to the guerrilla movement, war, home front workers, underground, as well as people's militia.In total, more than 7 million people have received combat medals.
Constituted
medals Medals, which were established for their participation in the war, the following:
- 8 "For the Defense": Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kiev, Odessa, Sevastopol, Soviet Arctic, Moscow, Caucasus;
- 3 "For the liberation": Belgrade, Warsaw, Prague;
- 4 "for taking": Budapest, Vienna, Berlin and Konigsberg;
- 2 "For Victory": over Japan over Germany;
- "Partisan of the Patriotic War";
- "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War";
- "Gold Star";
- "For Military Merit";
- "For Courage";
- Nakhimov Medal;
- badge "Guard".
- Medal of Ushakov.
Medal compared to the Order is a less honorable award.
Orders for participation in the Second World War
Unlike medal military decoration can have multiple degrees.For participation in the Second World War, they were as follows: World War II, Lenin, the Red Star, the Red Banner, Nakhimov, Ushakov, "Victory", Glory, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov.All of these awards, we will tell you more.
Order of the Patriotic War
In 1942, on May 20 signed a decree on the establishment of the Order of the I and II degree.It was listed for the first time in the history of the Soviet Union award specific feats for which the award was granted to representatives of major troop births in our country.
military orders I and II degree could get face officers and other ranks of the Navy, the Red Army, the NKVD.In addition, it awarded the guerrillas who have shown courage, fortitude and courage in the battles with the Nazis or their actions contributed to the success anyway combat operations of Soviet troops.It negotiated separately eligible for the Order of civilians.They were awarded for their contribution to the victory over the enemy.
Battle Order of I degree could get someone who personally destroyed 2 medium or heavy, or 3 light tanks of the enemy, or 3 medium or heavy or light 5 as part of the gun crew;II degree - 1 medium or heavy tank or 2 light, medium or heavy 2 or 3 light as part of the gun crew.
Order of Suvorov
combat orders, which have been named in honor of Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov and Kutuzov, were established in the Soviet Union in June 1942.These awards can get officers and generals of the Red Army for the leadership shown by various military operations, as well as for the difference in the battles with the enemy.
Order of Suvorov I degree awarded to commanders of armies and fronts, as well as their deputies, chief of operations and headquarters, combat arms armies and fronts for successfully organized and carried out military operation on the scale of the front or the army, which resulted in the destroyed or defeated enemy.One thing otherwise stated: victory must be won definitely smaller forces over the enemy, numerically superior, acting as Suvorov principle states that the ability to beat the enemy, not a number.
Order of II degree could get the brigade, division or housing, as well as his deputy, or the chief of staff for the fact that it was organized by the defeat of the division or corps, the breakthrough defensive zone of the enemy, followed by persecution and defeat, as well as for the organization of the fightconducted in an environment out of it while preserving the combat capability of its parts, its equipment and weapons.Also could be marked armored corps commander for the fact that he carried deep behind enemy raid, who inflicted him a painful blow, which provided a successful operation the army.
Order of the III degree was designed to reward the different commanders (companies, battalions, regiments).It is awarded for skillful organization and conduct of the battle brought the victory with fewer forces than the enemy.
Order of Kutuzov
This battle Order of I degree, designed by artist Moskalev, could be extradited to the army commander, front, and his deputy, or the chief of staff for the fact that they were well-organized forced departuresome major connections with the application of the enemy counterattacks, the withdrawal of the new achievements of his troops with small losses in their composition;as well as for the excellent organization and conduct of operations against enemy forces, the superior at the disposal of large units, and saving in constant readiness of the troops for a decisive offensive against the enemy.
fighting qualities that distinguish the activities of MIKutuzov, they were the basis of the statute.This skillful defense and tactical wearing down the enemy, followed by a determined counter-offensive.
One of the first Order of the II degree received KSMiller - Major General, commander of the 58th Army, which was defended by the Malgobek to Mozdok portion of the Caucasian front.Having exhausted the main forces of the enemy, in difficult defensive battles his army launched a counteroffensive and went to the area of Yeisk fought by breaking the defense line of the Germans.
Order of Kutuzov III degree honored the officer, who expertly developed a plan of battle, so were provided with a good interaction of various types of weapons and a successful outcome of the operation.
Order of Alexander Nevsky
Telyatnikov architect won the competition for the design of the Order.He used his work in the frame of a movie called "Alexander Nevsky", released shortly before.The starring Nikolai Cherkasov.Viewing it he was depicted in this Order.Located a medallion with a portrait in the center of the red star, five-pointed, which runs silver rays.The ancient Russian warrior attributes (quiver, bow, sword, crossed poleaxes) are at the edges.According to the statute
martial awarded the Order of the officer, who fought in the Red Army, with the initiative taken in choosing a good moment for a bold, sudden and successful attack on the enemy, and applying to a major defeat.And it was necessary to maintain a considerable force of his troops.Handing the award for the successful execution of a job in a superior enemy forces.At the same time required to destroy most of its forces or else completely destroy.Also, the word "battle was awarded the Order" man could not hear over the command of the air, tank and artillery units, which inflicted heavy damage.
Total the award received more than 42 thousand soldiers, as well as 70 foreign officers and generals.
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky
Soviet Army in the summer of 1943 preparing for responsible operations - liberation of Ukraine.Bazhanov poet and film director Dovzhenko's idea of this award, named in honor of the great Ukrainian military leader and statesman.The material for this Order of the first degree - gold, second and third - Silver.The Statute was adopted in 1943, on 10 October.This Order is awarded to officers and men of the Red Army and the guerrillas who have shown distinction in the battles of liberation from Nazi invaders of the Soviet land.Altogether, they were awarded about 8.5 thousand. People.Order of the first degree awarded to 323 soldiers, and the second - about 2400, and the third - more than 57. Many military formations and units (over a thousand) received it as a collective award.
Order of Glory
Martial Order of the USSR also included the Order of Glory.His project, Moskalev made in 1943, in October, was approved by the commander in chief.At the same time approved the color ribbon of the Order of Glory, proposed by the artist.It was orange and black.The same color was ribbon of the Order of St. George - the most honorable in the pre-revolutionary Russian combat award.
Three degrees is the Order of Glory.The award of the first degree - golden, and the second and third - silver (central medallion was gilded at the Order of the second degree).Sign of the soldier could receive for personal heroism shown in the battle field.Output data of the Order strictly sequential - from the lowest to the highest degree.
receive this award could someone who broke into the first location of the enemy in the battle to save his banner of the enemy, or acquired;as well as the one who saved the commander in battle, risking their lives, shot down Nazi aircraft of personal weapons (rifles or machine) or personally destroyed 50 enemy soldiers, etc.
total was issued during the war about a million characters of the Order of III degree.Award of II degree received more than 46 thousand people, and the first - about 2600.
Order of the "Victory"
This order of the Second World War (combat) was established in 1943 by the decree of November 8.The statute stated that it was awarded the supreme command of the successful conduct of military operations (in one or several fronts), which resulted in the situation changes radically in favor of the Soviet army.
total of 19 people received this award.Twice it was Stalin, and the Marshals Vasilevsky and Zhukov.Once we got him Tymoshenko, saying Tolbukhin, Malinovsky, Rokossovsky, Konev, Antonov.Meretskov been awarded this mark of distinction for the participation in the war with Japan.In addition, five foreign military leaders marked them.It Tito, Rola-Zymierski, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Michael.
Order of the Red Banner
the Order was instituted in 1924, two years after the USSR was formed.Soviet Army soldiers, civilians and guerrillas who were awarded the Order of the Red Banner (a total of about one hundred thousand), got it for deeds committed during World War II.It is awarded for heroic acts that were committed with the obvious danger to life in a combat situation.Also, the Order of the Banner of the person could earn the outstanding leadership of military operations of various associations, formations, units, displaying courage and bravery.He gave out for special bravery and courage during the execution of the special task.Get the Order of the Red Banner was also possible for the courage and bravery shown in ensuring national security of our country, inviolability of borders in terms of risk to life.Order of the Red Banner was issued for successful combat operations warships, military units, associations and connections that defeated the enemy, despite the loss of any other conditions unfavorable for this.Also, they received a reward or for drawing the enemy a major defeat, or if their actions contributed to the success of Soviet troops in the implementation of a major operation.
Order of Ushakov
Order of Ushakov - the highest in relation to another order, which was handed over to officers of the fleet, - Nakhimov.It has two degrees.Reward first degree is made of platinum, and the second - from gold.Sash colors - white and blue, in pre-revolutionary Russia is the color of the flag of St. Andrew's (naval).This award was established in 1944, March 3.To issue the order for a successful active operations, which resulted in a victory achieved over the enemy, numerically superior.For example, in a naval battle, which destroyed important enemy forces;for the successful landing operation, which has involved in the destruction of coastal fortifications and bases of the enemy;for the courageous actions taken on the sea lanes of the enemy, resulting in valuable transports and warships sunk it turned out.II degree Order of Ushakov as a reward has been awarded 194 times.13 ships and units of the Navy have this badge on their banners.
Order of Nakhimov
Five star anchors were on a sketch of the Order.They were drawn to their stocks medallion depicting Admiral in drawing Timm.This award is divided into two degrees - first and second.Materials for the manufacture of gold and silver were respectively.Ruby rays do the stars on the first degree of this award.For tapes selected was a combination of orange and black.This award was established in 1944, March 3.
Order of Lenin and the Red Star Order of Lenin
received more than 36 thousand. Man for distinguished service, and the Red Star - around 2900. Both were established in 1930, April 6.
