Until the mid-20th century, dominated a clear conviction that people - originally a vicious, evil creature, and only external factors (such as education) restrain his animal instincts.
However, philosophers and psychologists had to rethink these ideas after two wars, during which the man showed himself not as a being torn instincts.Numerous cases of heroism, self-sacrifice for the sake of the idea of the country, a man led to the fact that originated humanistic theory of personality.Its creators believe Abraham Maslow who postulated about originally good, spiritual man possesses an innate spiritual needs.It is the external negative factors contribute to curbing these needs.
Self-actualization
main term, which operates humanistic personality theory is the concept of self-actualization.Revealing in the process of spiritual and personal development of their moral potential actualized person.This means that he recognizes his innate needs, freeing themselves from the yoke of negative externalities, and strives to meet them.This process improvement approach to his "I" and is called self-actualization.Humanistic theory of personality development believes that man always striving for self-realization because of its innate needs, and this process is not final (because there is always something to strive for).Therefore, personality is constantly striving for further development and can not long be able to rest.
theory of Erich Fromm
Many feel puzzled to hear that a person is regarded as being positive initially.How could so much cruelty, anger, crimes?Humanistic personality theory suggests that even in the most violent people are the preconditions for self-development, just these needs were blocked negative social conditions.Everyone can start implementing these needs at any stage of his career.In this regard, it can not mention the name of the famous psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, who saw in man the desire to work and love.Humanistic theory of personality Erich Fromm puts forward a number of higher existential needs, which are available for the individual:
- need to take care of someone (communication with others);
- need to create (structural);
- desire for security, stability (the need for support);
- need for awareness of its uniqueness;
- need for explanatory belief system;
- need for the meaning of life (it should become an object).
Fromm believed that the pressure of external factors drowns these needs, resulting in a person does not like wants.This contradiction is a powerful personal conflict.Extended Fromm humanistic personality theory shows how a man fighting two opposite desire: to preserve their identity and to stay out of society, people.This is where the individual comes rationalization when it will make a choice - to obey the rules of society and is now considered their needs.
