Among the issues of interest to linguistics, in an important place is the study of the linguistic features of speech active work cross-language character called "translation".Translation Theory often gets in the focus of attention of linguists.
is difficult to overestimate the importance of translation, which since the beginning began to fulfill important social functions, creating conditions for cross-language communication between people.It originated in ancient times, when formed in the history of civilization, bringing people together, talking on the differing languages.Then there were the people who own them two and help to communicate to other people from these associations.As such, the general theory of translation did not exist, but each specialist in the area had their own approach.
After mankind has invented writing, the group of "interpreters", interpreters, joined experts in translation official, religious and business texts.
Translations gave people the opportunity to join the cultural heritage of other nations.National literature, science and culture got ample opportunities for interaction and mutual enrichment.Languages you can read the originals.However, to master even one foreign language can not everyone.
first theory of translation was created by the translators who sought to generalize his own experience, and often the experience of their colleagues.About his strategy told the world, of course, the most remarkable interpreters of his time, although they are often conceptual calculations did not meet the principles of modern science, so they could not arise in a consistent abstract concept.Still, translation theory today still interested in set of reasons.
Even in antiquity there was a discussion between the translators of the translation according to the original.Doing the very first translation of the sacred books, including the Bible, most of the experts sought to literal copying of the original, which made clear translation, and sometimes quite confusing.Therefore, it is reasonable to attempt some translators seem to justify theoretically greater freedom from the original text translated, need not translate literally, as meaning, sometimes even just an impression, or the charm of the foreign text.
Even their earlier statements concerning the purpose of the translator, talking about the beginning of the debate that today, in our time, is concerned about the theory and practice of translation.
two types of transfers, alternating all the time follow each other in the development of culture.One group of experts believes that the transfer must meet the characteristics and habits of native language, the other group, on the contrary, defends the preservation of linguistic structure of the original, even by force while adapting to his native language.In the first case, the translation is called freestyle, the second - literally.
Just as during verbal communication, texts for those who speak and those who listen, are considered equivalent, and the translated text be translated is considered equivalent.
literary translation theory and practice which differs from the translation of texts of a scientific or technical nature has its own specifics.The function of the language of literature is the emotional impact that it has on the reader.
familiarity with foreign literature all readers of the world are obliged to literary translation, one of the most complex, which requires an interpreter inventiveness, empathy in the text, severity of all the senses, creative expression, does not obscure the identity of the author.
