planning construction of a house - an important and responsible job that requires specific skills.When you create a project at home should take into account a number of factors that can affect the entire workflow.
What needs to be taken into account in the first place?
is important to know that the bearing capacity of the soil is the main characteristic that indicates the degree of stress, which can withstand the unit area of the soil.As a rule, it is measured in t / m2 or kg / cm2.This indicator allows you to determine what properties should have the support area of the basement.
usually determined by three major characteristics of the soil, which affect its load-bearing capacity.This saturation of soil moisture, compaction and type.
soil bearing capacity largely decreases with increasing humidity.Remain unchanged only the properties of sand medium size.On the excess moisture may indicate a high level of groundwater.In such cases, it is not necessary to resort to the help of geologists, because this figure it is possible to determine on their own.It is necessary to dig a shovel pit depth of 2 m (drill hole or earth brown), this will be enough to determine the type of soil and the degree of its moisture.
can determine the type of soil on the eye.Recognize the sand will not be difficult for anyone.Loam has the same ductility and contains up to 30% clay particles, sandy loam - a brittle material and easily falls apart when rendering the slightest pressure on the ball, but the clay soil is the most malleable and compression turns into a cake.By quantity of water in the excavated pit can determine the moisture of the earth, and the proximity of groundwater.
bearing capacity also includes indicators of soil density.However, this amount can not be considered permanent.On located deep underground soil layer pressured other layers that are above, therefore, when it is removed to the surface, its bulk density is much lower.Thus, calculating the bearing capacity, soil can be considered tight only if it is at depth of 0.8-1 m.
should be noted that is not always produced the relevant research, so to simplify the calculations, it is assumed that the bearing capacity of soil isof 2 kg / cm2.
However, in preparation for the construction of the ground does not always correspond to the parameters that are needed to establish the foundation according to the design of the building.Modern technologies have made it possible to influence the quality of the soil, so there are a number of technologies that are taking to strengthen it.
Developers just need to implement measures that protect and strengthen the soil.The first protection is required to prevent wind and water erosion and mechanical.
To strengthen the soil, there are several of the most common technologies, such as an increase in the mechanical properties, which is carried out through the introduction of special elements into the ground structure (called reinforcement).You can also conduct a chemical strengthening of ground, which is achieved by converting their composition by treatment with chemicals.The use of binders such as tar, asphalt, cement, mineral and organic wastes, also contributes to soil.
important to understand that after the construction of the house is finished, it can happen shrinkage, under the weight of the entire structure and subsidence of the foundation.Uneven loads are often the cause of the cracks, which subsequently leads to the destruction of the whole building.It is not always the low bearing capacity of the soil is the main reason that could lead to such consequences.However, in order to select the correct type of foundation, this value should be considered first.
