Danilov Monastery in Moscow is one of the oldest monasteries, situated on the Moscow River.It is a unique example of a great Russian architecture.The complex of buildings of the monastery includes several temples, the abbot's quarters, fraternal body, Patriarch's residence and the building of the DECR.
Today the monastery is both a spiritual and administrative center of the Russian Orthodox - he has a few farmsteads, located in Ryazan, Moscow and Moscow region.
history Danilovsky Monastery
In 1282, according to the order of St. Prince Daniel of Moscow, the faithful, was founded men's Danilov Monastery.But the monastery has existed for a brief period - according to legend, a few years later she was transferred to the Kremlin and renamed the Spassky Monastery.There is another version of the holy Prince Daniel became a monk before his death, and was buried in his monastery in 1303.
according to the degree the book as historical and literary sources, in the XV century on the site of the monastery church was consecrated in honor of Daniel Stylites - patron saint St. Daniel of Moscow.Monastic life has returned to this place only under Ivan the Terrible, in 1560.There is speculation that the Danilov Monastery in Moscow, built on the site of the old cemetery.
In 1561 the monastery stone church was consecrated in honor of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils.
Danilov Monastery in Moscow underwent partial destruction in 1610, associated with arson, organized by False Dmitry II.At the beginning of XVII century the monastery was built around a stone wall with towers.There is evidence that in 1710 the monastic brethren numbered 30 monks.
Danilov Monastery in Moscow during the Soviet period
Despite the fact that in 1918 the monastery was actually closed, monastic life continued until 1930.In the 20s in the walls of the holy monastery remained many bishops appointed by Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow, but not admitted to the diocesan administration due to constraints of the secular authorities.
in 1929 was made an official decision on the closure of the monastery, and within its walls was equipped reception center of the NKVD.Soon he was ruthlessly demolished the bell tower, but, fortunately, the bells were saved from melting down (thanks to the efforts of Charles Crane, an American diplomat and industrialist).Until 2007, they were in the walls of Harvard University, and then were again returned to their homeland.At the close of the monastery of the monastery manuscripts stored in the library were transferred to the Moscow archives (currently they are in RGADA).
Since 1930, the monastery was located in the insulator for children political prisoners and repressed.Soviet authorities had ordered all the children left without parents due to repression, to bring their children into the receiver.The conditions in which live orphans, were inhuman: due to lack of proper nutrition and care, many were sick and died, they were buried here - the former monastery cemetery.
After 1930, the relics of St. Daniel of Moscow were transferred to the walls of the monastery, in the temple of the Resurrection.At the closing of this church in 1929 disappears latest information about the further movement of the relics of the saints, and still remains unknown locate them.
revival of the monastery
In 1983, by decree of the government of the USSR, it was decided to return the Danilov Monastery in the possession of the church.Furthermore, it was also allowed to start construction of new facilities needed for internal use only.
After returning to his native monastery church Harbor became the first governor of his Archimandrite Eulogy (Smirnov).Abode began to revive and gradually restored the funds come from both the parishes of Moscow, and from all the dioceses of the Patriarchate.
Special Commission responsible for the renovation and restoration of the monastery, was organized and assigned at the meeting of the Holy Synod.Restoration work was headed by architect I. Makovetskii.
monastery began to worship again performed with Lent 1984.In 1985 he was made the first consecration of the lower throne of Holy Protection Church.In the same year a new restored fraternal body moved DECR.
In celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia in the monastery walls were made solemn celebrations.In the week of All Saints was celebrated a festive liturgy, concelebrated by several of the Patriarchs (in worship attended Antioch, Jerusalem, Moscow, Georgian, Romanian, Bulgarian Patriarchs and many bishops).
In March 2007, an agreement was reached on the return to Moscow ensemble Danilov bells belfry due diligence businessman Viktor Vekselberg, who took care of all the costs of the project.
Temples Danilov Monastery
modern complex of buildings located on the territory of the monastery, took shape during the XVIII-XIX centuries.At the end of the XX century there were built additional buildings necessary for the functioning of the DECR.
Other attractions include a special place occupies the Danilov Monastery in Moscow.Photos of churches, chapels and architectural buildings of the monastery are eloquent about the beauty of the place.
Church Fathers seven Ecumenical Councils
In 1730, the old stone church of the Holy Fathers of the Ecumenical Councils was dismantled and re-erected shortly on the arches of the old Church of the Intercession, which became the lower ground floor of the new cathedral.He is considered central among other buildings of this architectural complex, as the Danilov Monastery.Pokrovsky temple, presumably built in the 70s of the XVII century, is the oldest architectural construction, preserved to this day.There is equipped a chapel in honor of St. Daniel.
In 1806 in the upper church was consecrated two chapel.In the third tier of the cathedral from the XVIII century, the Church of St. Daniel Stylites, is the protector and patron saint of the monastery.
Gate Church
addition to these temples in the complex architectural monastery includes Gate Church dedicated to St. Reverend Simeon, built in 1731.
Trinity Cathedral
In 1833-1838 years by the architect Osip Bove was built Trinity Cathedral, decorated in the style of Russian classicism.The building has a cubic shape, its facade is decorated with Tuscan portico.The cathedral has two chapels dedicated to the Feast of the Conception of St. Anna and St. Alexis, the man of God.The consecration of an Orthodox church was held on September 13, 1838, it made Moscow Metropolitan Filaret.
Modern chapel
In celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia were built memorial and Nadkladeznaya chapel, constructed by the architect G. Alonova.Modern buildings fit perfectly in the architectural composition of the monastery buildings.
Danilovsky necropolis
In the XIX century the monastery cemetery was the burial place of the outstanding Russian figures.There is an assumption that this is the first Moscow monastery necropolis.According to archaeological research, it can be argued that the dumping at this site were made before the restoration of the Monastery of John IV, in the XV century.Tombstones XV-XVI centuries with inscriptions in German and Latin were discovered during excavations in the years 1869-1870, which indicates the graves here, or foreign nationals or local kukuyskih Germans.
After XVII century the monastery cemetery were buried deceased monks and abbots of the monastery, among whom were prominent church leaders.Here we are burying high-ranking officials and representatives of the nobility, aristocracy, art patrons.But the true glory of the Danilovsky cemetery brought graves of such famous figures as Gogol, Khomyakov, Yuri Samarin, Prince VA Cherkassky, AI Koshelev, YI Venelin and other.
In 1931, the necropolis of the monastery was destroyed, and the remains of Gogol, DA Valuev, spouses Khomyakov and N. Iazykov were moved to the Novodevichy cemetery capital.
After returning to the St. Daniel Monastery in church ownership in place of the necropolis has been built the new building - the patriarchal residence.
Male Choir of St. Daniel Monastery
In 1994, organized a gala concert male choir of the Danilov Monastery.It is composed of highly skilled musicians, vocalists - graduates graduates of higher musical and choral training institutions of the capital.Artistic director and choir director - Georgy Safonov.
On Sundays and public holidays Danilov Monastery Choir participated in the solemn patriarchal worship.Besides purely church activities, the team takes part in many educational concerts both in Russia and abroad.
The choir's repertoire includes the most complex religious chants copyrights on various Christian holidays of a year and weekdays of the liturgical circle.Besides the church works, the group performs a variety of chants, carols, Russian folk and military-patriotic songs, hymns, ballads and waltzes.He regularly makes studio recordings and released several CDs with different works.
Conclusion
Moscow Danilov Monastery is one of the most famous sights of the capital.Many Orthodox pilgrims eager to come here to worship the holy relics and praying.There are always welcome - visitors are invited to the hotel.
If you are going to visit the Danilov Monastery in Moscow, address it does not hurt to know: Ul.Danilovsky shaft, 22.
