Stylistic figures - the elements of poetic language, reinforcing the impact of the text on the reader form a special imagery of poetic language;they make the perception of a work of art more vivid and bright.Stylistic figures known since ancient times, the first time they have been described in the writings of Aristotle ("Poetics", "Rhetoric").
Stylistic figures of speech - powerful means of linguistic expression, but the overload of work is dangerous: in the case of any literary text will look awkward and clumsy, it will turn into a dry catalog of metaphors, similes, epithets.Artistic taste, artistic sense of tact - it is no less important for the novice (and venerable) of the author than talent, talent.
Language means of expression can be divided into two columns.The first is the composite momentum enhancing the brightness of the statements (the actual stylistic figures - anaphora, grotesque, ironic, epiphora, synecdoche, antithesis, graduation, oxymoron, and many others).The second group consists trails - word used in the indirect value;their expressiveness, expressive art lies in rethinking the lexical meaning (semantics) of the word.Among the tropes are metaphor, metonymy, litotes, hyperbole, simile, adjective, and so on. D.
Let us dwell on some of the most frequently used stylistic figures and tropes.
- Anaphora - in Greek - edinonachatie.Stylistic figures, based on the repetition of the initial accented words or parts of sentences.
- rhetorical appeal or question - saying, built in the form of a question, or treatment, as a rule, an inanimate object;generally is not intended response, is used to select, draw attention to a portion of text.
O thou whom poetry is expelled,
Who in our prose space is not found,
I hear the cry of the poet Juvenal:
«Shame, a nightmare, I have it translated!"(Robert Burns).
- antithesis - art strengthened opposition.
I perish with the body in the dust,
Mind thunder command!
I am the king - I am a slave;
I worm - I god!(GRDerzhavin).
- polysyndeton - excessive use of alliances, reinforcing expressive speech.
Neither the cross nor the churchyard do not want to choose ... (Brodsky).
- inversion - a deliberate change in the usual order of words in a sentence.
If stylistic figures mostly used in poetry, then using the trail can be enriched, made more expressive and expressive prose text.Prominent among tropes takes the metaphor, almost all the other trails are related to it, or are a special type of manifestation metaphor.So the metaphor - the transfer of names from object to object on the grounds of similarity of external or internal features of similarity produced impressions or ideas about the structure of the object.At its core is always the analogy, many linguists define it as compared with the comparative missed a bunch.Yet the metaphor comparisons difficult, it is more finished, complete.
are the following main types of metaphors: the common language (occasional) and artistic (common usage).The common language metaphor - a source of new titles in the language (chair leg, spout, handle bags).The idea of comparison, vibrant expressive image underlying this metaphorical transfer, gradually erased (also called linguistic metaphor erased), expressive painting sayings lost.Live artistic metaphor, on the contrary, becomes the center of a literary text:
Anna threw him the ball of coquetry ... (LN. Tolstoy).
metaphors are special cases of the epithet (expressive, expressive definition) and personification (metaphorical transfer characteristic of the type "from the living to the inanimate objects»):
comforted silent sorrow and joy playful ponder .... (AS.Pushkin).
very expressive and powerful means of expression is considered to be the language of hyperbole (exaggeration of art): a river of blood, a deafening shout.
stylistic figures and trails speech - shaped base structure of the language.The skill of the writer is not in constant use of old, bored all forms of linguistic expression.On the contrary, a talented author can breathe live content even known to all literary device to attract the reader's attention in this way, refresh the perception of a literary text.
