There is such a thing as phylogeny.We will try to understand and to give an exact explanation for this phenomenon.
unfamiliar concepts
often do you hear about the phylogeny?I'm sure many will assume that the phylogeny - is biology, or, to be more precise - the definition used in biology.But, most of all, not every educated person knows exactly what will be discussed.A quick survey of a dozen people showed that:
- phylogeny - is "something similar to photosynthesis" (as suggested four out of ten);
- phylogeny - the mutation of living cells (two out of ten);
- phylogeny - the definition used in genetics, refers to the process, "the creation of new individuals" (one of ten);
- three other people at a question that is phylogeny, with a puzzled shrug.
However, despite the apparent lack of awareness on this issue, none of the respondents did not stay indifferent.Each of them wanted to know: what is the phylogeny?
Phylogeny (Biology)
Phylogeny - evolutionary development of any biological system.The term was introduced into scientific circulation German natural scientist and philosopher Ernst Heinrich Haeckel in 1866.This definition refers to the changes taking place in the evolution of different types of organic world.The basis for the emergence of the field of biology dealing with the study of phylogeny, was the "theory of evolution" of the English naturalist and explorer Robert Charles Darwin.
Once the notion of phylogeny, science and formed other than the original definitions.For Shmal'gauzen Ivan Ivanovich, a Soviet biologist, he knew a number of historical phylogeny qualifiers ontogeneses interconnected as a "parent-child".
Phylogeny - this process is very long, it lasts for many millions of years.That is why it can not be the object of direct observation and study by recreating and simulating already the events and phenomena.This evolution is understood as the process by which genetic line (ancestors) generates branch (descendants) with the natural changes in the process, or at all led to the extinction of species.
ratio phylogeny and ontogeny
Ontogenez - a concept that has entered into scientific use before the advent of the doctrine of the phylogeny and which indicates the formation of a private collection of the body and endured by them in the course of the life of successive transformations.After opening in the middle of the XIX century by Frederick Muller and Ernst Haeckel biogenetic law phylogeny studied in relation to ontogeny.
Under this law, any ontogenesis, in fact, a short and rapid repetition of phylogeny of the species.At the same time the ontogeny and phylogeny can be regarded as a "private and general."Communication between the two concepts is also confirmed by Charles Darwin, and the doctrine of recapitulation, preaching repetition embryos during ontogeny traits of their ancestors on the phylogeny.Charles Darwin singled out two main varieties recapitulations: atavism and rudiment.
Using phylogeny various sciences
Phylogeny - this teaching, which is very important for a number of sciences, including embryology, paleontology, comparative anatomy, and even psychology.At the same time, phylogenetics, which studies the history of the development of different kinds of organisms, for the most effective study evolution at this stage refers to the achievements of sciences such as biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ethology, molecular biology, and others.
Phylogeny in psychology
InPsychology phylogeny is the historical development of anything in the course of evolution.Phylogeny in psychology - a reflection of the development through the mental state of individuals.For animals characteristic of instinctive existence in the world, based on reflexes.Higher animals, among others, as inherent to the manifestation of the understanding.In turn, the people in addition to the above characteristics, also has the consciousness and thinking.It is through the phylogeny of psychology has an opportunity to conduct such a study looking basis and the factors that have shaped the human psyche in the form in which it exists at the moment.
value phylogeny
Phylogeny - is one of the most important links in the development of all living things.Since the introduction in the scientific field, he occupied an important place in the understanding of the evolution and development of not only the human race, but of all living organisms.Studies of this phenomenon are necessary for the development of the general theory of evolution and the construction of a natural system of organisms.The basis on which to build the doctrinal position of phylogeny, lies in the theory of natural selection.At the moment, we should talk about that phylogeny of various groups of organisms studied unevenly, which is determined by various remains of fossils and, on the basis of which it would be possible to build a reliable phylogenetic (genealogical) tree.Currently, the most studied is the phylogeny of higher vertebrate groups.As for the invertebrates, some of them the most studied include mollusks, arthropods, brachiopods, and some others.
Of course, in light of the existence of great interest to the origin of the world, its components and, in particular, a man is a scientific phenomenon as phylogeny, is of great importance for understanding humanity itself and the world.
