Many of our contemporaries are so used to manifestations of reality that, to some extent ceased to notice them.People are living in expectation of something unexplainable, although very real miracles around us.What could be easier than to click the switch button to light bulb broke up the darkness in the room !?Or climb to the floor, just by clicking the button in the elevator.Is not it a miracle?
Although the duration of the practical use of electric energy humanity has only a few hundred years of history that just a moment, during which time it was made many discoveries.Some well-known and now (which is the famous Ohm's law!), And the other is remembered only by historians and, occasionally, teachers in schools.For example, what associations arise from the average person at the words "Leyden jar"?Financial institutions, medical devices, and can be "tricky" capacity for preservation of vegetables?However, it is quite natural, because even not every electrician guess that Leyden jar - a prototype of the modern electrical capacitors.Although the design is very simple, in theory, with the proper revision, such devices can quite successfully operate as part of the electrical circuits.
Every schoolboy knows that if you rub the plastic handle of the hair, in its approach to other objects in the air gap spark there.A similar principle is used in the electrostatic machine, which has given a Leyden jar.In the 18th century German Guericke demonstrated the installation of secular society, the basis of which was a big ball of glass with mounted axis.A simple belt drive causes it to rotate.Touching a piece of skin could cause electrical sparks and invisible electromagnetic fields.The subjects that are within range of a line of field strength generated and accumulated (condensed) currents.
1745 that is the date when it was opened a Leyden jar.Mushenbruk physicist from Leiden guessed pour into a jar of water, put a piece of wire to gently take the capacity of the hands and bring it to working elektroforu.When you touch the wire to the protruding part of the scientist received a strong electric shock.It is now clear that the human hand and the water in the pot served what is now called the plates of the capacitor, and the glass wall of the vessel - an insulating layer.Leyden jar could accumulate so much electricity that it enough to pass through the chain of 700 people.It was obvious that the potential of this discovery is enormous.It was in Leiden was launched production of such "capacitors", which gave the name of the device.
After 2 years since the opening of Benjamin Franklin to the experiment, wrapped the outer walls of the tin foil cans, thereby increasing capacity.It was clear that much remains to be discovered.In fact, it was a way of "trial and error", and has a theoretical justification conclusions based on experimental results.Later, Franklin has replaced a flat glass jar with foil on opposite sides, getting familiar to all of us capacitor.
Leyden jar with your hands can be made very quickly.You will need a plastic bank, tin plate soldered with insulated wire, carbon activated, durable filter paper, steel (or plastic with a conductive insert) cover the withdrawal of-contact and salt water.We drop a plate on the bottom of a plastic container, the free end of the lead wires up.Top close the paper, pour a layer of charcoal, pour salt water and place the cover on the output.It turns out that out of the two banks covered with insulated wires: the bottom and top plates.Now, if they fail an external voltage, a portion of it will condense.After this will only connect the load.When working with "bank" should be careful.
