Italian Constitution was adopted in 1947.Of course, since it is partially changed - in recent years it was introduced about fifteen amendments.Nevertheless, the general provisions remain the same.As for the modern Constitution, it consists of two parts and twelve core principles.
Italian Constitution: the historical facts
It's no secret that the country was declared a republic in the last century, but the constitutional right of Italy has evolved over the past several centuries.It all started with the adoption of the so-called "Albertine status" in 1848 on the territory of the Kingdom of Sardinia.Already in 1870, after the complete unification of all Italian lands, "Status" has become the first Constitution of the country.
Of course, there still existed a constitutional monarchy.However, the first Constitution of Italy, and introduced some democratic direction of the country's development.The evolution of the form of government was interrupted in 1922, when the country introduced a totalitarian fascist regime, and the head of state got Benito Mussolini.
Already in December 1925 a new law, which established the country's one-party regime, and Duce (leader of the party) alone represented the executive branch.In 1943 Italy, which supported Japan and Germany was defeated in World War II.This was a precondition for the elimination of the fascist regime.
In 1946, a referendum was held.Results demonstrated its desire to eliminate the population of totalitarianism, so it was collected Constituent Assembly, where it was decided to declare the country a republic, which happened June 18, 1946.
new Italian Constitution in 1947 was adopted by the Assembly by a majority vote.In effect, she joined four days later - January 1 1948, and although since the Charter has undergone some changes, common features have remained the same.
Italian Constitution: general characteristics
In fact, this politico-legal document contains a set of rules, including social and legal basis, legal provisions and philosophical system.As mentioned earlier, the Constitution of Italy, consists of several parts:
- introductory section "Basic Principles", which contains 12 articles;
- main part of the "Rights and Duties of Citizens";
- main part of the "order of the Republic";
- transitional and final decision.
According to this document, all the power of the standard is divided into three branches:
- Legislative power belongs exclusively to the members of Parliament and regional councils, but only within the limits of their competence;
- Judicial power is vested in the Constitutional Court and the judiciary;
- executive power - it is the prerogative of the president and ministers.
Incidentally, the Italian Constitution and describes the special relationship to the Catholic Church: it is worth remembering that this is where is situated the Vatican State.Even in 1929 between Italy and the Vatican Concordat was concluded and the Treaty (of the Lateran Pacts): according to them the Vatican is entitled to a partial sovereignty.In addition, Catholicism designated as a traditional religion of Italy.Interestingly, in addition to this, the Italian Constitution separates church from state and complies with the principles of equality of all faiths.
