Almost every nation has its own heritage.One of the main tools of transmission is folk culture (folklore).Later in the article we consider this concept in more detail, compare it with modern trends.
General
In the history of every nation there, and folk and popular culture.The latter is a more modern phenomenon.An example of popular culture: a group of young people singing songs of a famous artist, walking about the streets.Another type has significant differences.Folk culture is to examine the sources of national holidays or parables, legends, and other works.On this basis, it becomes clear that in the first case we are dealing with contemporary mores.A folk - popular culture - describes the life of the last century.All genres of folklore have been established for a long time and today are considered historical heritage.A small part of the works of past centuries has become an integral part of the modern world.
The development
There are two levels of popular culture - high and reduced.The first involves tales, legends, ancient dances, epic and so on. P. Reduced considered a manifestation of popular culture.Basically, the works that have come down to us from time immemorial, have anonymous creators.Fairy tales, epics, dances, songs, myths and legends are among the most valuable works of high artistic.They are not related to the elitist manifestations.It is believed that
audience
Society has always showed an interest in popular culture, so it is accepted in industrial and traditional societies.However, here in the post-industrial environment situation is slightly different.If we talk about the differences of popular and high culture, they are similar to those of ethnic and national differences.What's the difference?National and high culture is only transmitted in writing.This folk and ethnic - in different (oral, written, and others).Elite culture created an educated population, and ethnic - poorly educated citizens.In recent years, modern audience became interested in folk culture and traditions.
aesthetic component
What is it?Folk arts and culture is that the person who is the master, thanks to its ability to focus on certain things, and to formulate all this in a significant fragment can convey all this in the form of song, dance and poetry.With this comes the aesthetic development of the individual in particular and society in general.Art culture can attract the bulk of the population.All works created by both professionals and amateurs.All essays, songs, poems that are worthy of attention, are inherited, and become art.A person who is able to convey his thoughts in poems, songs and dances, the rich spiritual, he has an open mind and genuinely shares his impressions.Thanks to artists such people each year have the opportunity to enrich their inner world, fill the emptiness of the soul.
Russian folk culture
This phenomenon is studied many sciences.Each discipline has its own view of the subject and its methods of study.The amount of updated information so much that scientists do not have time to watch her and develop it for academic enrichment and personal knowledge.The legacy of folk culture with each passing day it becomes more and more.In addition, each claims to be the subject of the core, which houses all the sense in the world.This means that each discipline is his knowledge as the most extensive in the field of spiritual values: folklore, literature, art history - from icons to musicology and architecture.Everyone who is interested in Russian folk culture, is aware of all the successes of these cultures as they are audible, readable and put on public display.Their number and anonymity say the birth of folk elements.A symbols, which tirelessly repeat that they were masterpieces of Russian culture, put the artistic image of the Russian people.
Understanding
There are different ideas about the term "popular culture."The following are the main points of view:
- enlightenment lower classes of society;
- enlightenment "illiterate" society;
- culture that has arisen elite, but has been "lowered" down.
Such definitions are informative plan when viewing them in a particular historical passage.
traditional folk culture of the peasants
It was formed on the basis of religious understanding.It is not so much a spiritual basis, as the main content of the spiritual life.Peasant culture had at its disposal a variety of tools, allows to perceive and correctly to see the world, helping to master perception of sensory and the supersensible.In accordance with the opinion of some authors can be put on the same level the concept of "religion" and "popular culture."The development of spirituality is an important source of the peasants further progress in society during the Middle Ages.At the same time Europe's rapidly growing number of cities.Living most determined people - a fortress, feudal lords who wanted to change their lives.There are new types of activities: trade, sale.
Annals
With classical training in Russia in ancient times was not very good.Then triumphed distrust of the "pagan" science.At the same time there were a number of the most popular destinations.Among them it is worth noting iconography, church architecture, liturgical singing and chronicles.Russian chronicler contemporaries could tell the whole point of the story, he was historiosophy philosopher and chronicler.Such "teaching", "words" were very popular.At the time, it created the first written code of laws.Russian folk culture had all the features of the European.And then almost had no difference from Christian folklore.
Religion
popular religion in Russia had two names in the church and the scientific community of the 19th century.They determined its nature as a synthesis of Christian doctrine and the "pagan" beliefs.The first name was that of - "dual faith", the second - "domestic orthodoxy."First used in scientific use and in the modern world, it is perceived by scientists formally.In the literal sense of this term should be understood connection between two faiths in popular religion.Numerous studies beliefs of the Slavs of the East (and Russian) ethnographers main interest is directed to the "pagan experience," the reconstruction of archaic models and interpretation.In the Middle Ages in Russia and in the West there was a gap between the traditional book and the minds of many cultures fewer people.Russian intellectuals who have the desire to own Greek language, study it further when Prince Yaroslav the Wise: in Kiev attended by their translators.There was a link between the Middle East and Russia, centers of Christians, and eventually, no matter what the event, it is no longer interrupted.
value
How was the formation of moral values?Popular culture - it is a spiritual art product that creates a wide circulation.It is designed for a large audience, a significant number of viewers.Its main advantage is that it is designed not only to entertain a lot of people, but also enrich their thoughts.Folk culture, examples of which are given above, it is quite relevant in today's society.Today, there are few people who are not interested in the spiritual heritage of their ancestors.Folk culture can recognize almost every person of any age and any level of education.Its main feature - simplicity (texts, movements, sounds, easily perceived by human beings).Culture is designed for people the emotional type.
spiritual development
Any culture is seen in the dynamic and static aspects.Of course, spiritual development is no exception.A culture - quite a complex phenomenon.Statics provides development space.Discipline explores the cultural typology, morphology and structure.This synchronous learning process.The culture is also to classify the spiritual, physical, financial and artistic.A detailed look at the spiritual culture.It is based on laid creative activity, which is expressed in the form of subjective and minor meets the needs of society.The structure consists of spiritual culture: religious (beliefs, modern cults), the moral, legal (legislation, enforcement system), political (ideology), educational (the ideals of raising children), intellectual (history, philosophy, science) part.You need to know that the objects of the subject include museums, theaters, libraries, cinemas, schools, concert halls, courts.
