Analysis of the structure of production costs of electricity shows that at the current stage of development of industrial production trend of reduction of energy consumption growth trend prevails over power availability.Significant impact on the amount of energy consumption by climatic conditions that can be characterized by such indicators as the number of degree-days (SES).This indicator is defined as the product of the length of the heating season, the average value of the temperature difference.
Excluding this fact, analysis of production costs in the electricity made by comparing the energy consumption in various countries may prove to be incorrect.Analysis of the output confirms that the equality of these two indicators in some countries does not necessarily reflect the level of development of their economies.For example, in Latin America have low energy consumption, and lower value of per capita GDP.This can be attributed to the mild climate of the region, excluding the use of large amounts of energy for heating.At the same time, an analysis of expenses for production of electric power, cross-country comparisons, suggest that raising the economic level of the countries associated with reduced energy consumption.It can be said, so that energy efficiency of the economy is objectively necessary.
Link to less favorable climatic conditions not to have a calming effect on the operation of the country's energy efficiency.If the analysis of production costs shows that, for example, the energy saving potential in the country is 30% of the energy consumed.This means that the current power consumption may be reduced by at least 30%, which is closer to the value of this parameter to its level in the advanced countries.Provisions energy efficiency also concluded that the industry may have a specific structure.If the machine-building industry has focus, its objective is to reorient the structure of high-tech non-energy intensive manufacturing.Analysis of production costs makes it possible to state unequivocally that GDP growth mainly takes place on the basis of development of such enterprises and the service sector, which is much more conducive to reducing energy intensity of GDP.
It should be noted that the value of energy intensity is not the full response level of energy efficiency, i.e.one can not say whether the value of its high or low level of energy efficiency.It can be used to characterize the dynamics of energy efficiency for a number of years, to compare the energy efficiency of a number of similar enterprises.It can be used for comparison and is not intended for the same enterprise, if the volume of production is measured in monetary units.In this case, the more energy-intensive industries will have higher values of the index, although much depends on the amount of money per unit of output measurement.
If we consider absolutely similar enterprises, the value of energy intensity may be on them vary significantly depending on the extent to which they implemented energy-saving measures.However, not any energy-saving measures should be taken into account when assessing the energy saving potential.First of all, measures should be implemented organizational and economic nature, do not require cost and low-cost nature of the event, for example, such as the use of secondary energy resources.But there are activities associated with the replacement of the existing energy-saving technology.Use of energy-saving technologies can often require major reconstruction of the company and cost it may not always be justified, since the effect can be achieved quite insufficient to recoup the investment costs.In such cases, the increase in energy efficiency can be economically impractical.However, the new company, which is equipped with modern energy-saving equipment, will have a higher level of energy efficiency.
