Ugra - the river flowing through the Kaluga and Smolensk regions of Russia.It is a left tributary of the Ob River.Ugra is a natural boundary on the outskirts of the capital of our Motherland - Moscow.Therefore, on its banks, a lot has happened glorious feats of arms in the name of the fatherland.On this beautiful river near Moscow will be discussed in this article.
name of the river Ugra
Regarding the etymology of the name of the river debate.Some believe that the name is not of Slavic and Finno-Ugric origin.At the root of this language "vrai" ("Southern") means "river".Others believe that the word "Ugra" dates back to ancient Russian Qgr ', which means "worm."It is from this token happened modern word "eel".If we accept this hypothesis in mind, we can assume that the ancient people called the river "meandering, winding" for a non-permanent nature of its flow changes direction sharply.
origin of the Ugra River, its name is associated with some of the Magyar settlement that stood on its shore in the ancient times.Magyar tribal name was the word "Ugra".
Hydrological description
length of the river is 399 kilometers.Basin area - about 15,700 km2.Source Ugra is located in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region.
Ugra - the river, the power of which is carried out in several ways: 60% of the annual runoff of meltwater accounts for 30% are unpaved and only 5% of the runoff comes with precipitation.Mode level of the river is characterized by high, pronounced tide low enough low-water periods in summer and autumn, sometimes interrupted by floods due to heavy rains, and low and stable low-water periods in winter.In late March, the ice on the river melts and begins spring floods, which ends in early May.During this period, the water level rises to 10-11 meters as compared to the winter time.The average consumption of water in the river for the year is 90 m3 per second.
Ugra is covered with ice from late November until January.The river never freezes in the shallows, because of the strong currents of ice thickness on the Ugra different.
River Valley is characterized by a large number of flood plains whose width reaches 1-2 km, and in the lower reaches - 3.5 kilometers.The width of the bed of Ugra is 70-80 meters downstream.The average speed of the river - 0.4-0.6 m / s.
Source of the river Ugra - the river, originating in the Smolensk region, Yelninsky District, 25 kilometers from the town of Yelnya, 2 km from the village High.This place is declared a natural monument of local importance.Natural boundaries of the protected area is the territory of the lowlands, in which it is located.Source of the river - a small swamp is fed by surface runoff water.Ugra Valley this place is almost not expressed, it is almost completely overgrown with undergrowth and small shrubs.Among the trees are dominated by birch, aspen rarer.Age of green space reaches 35-40 years.Only near the village of High River gets the usual form with a distinct channel of normal and over.
tributary of the
In the Kaluga region the river stretches its course for 160 kilometers.In Ugra runs many streams and rivers.Its main tributaries are: manure, lost faith, Shan, Techa, Ress, speaking, Rosvyanka, Veprik, Verezhka, Sokhna Coon Remezh, Uzhayka, Debra, Dymenka, Gordota, Oskovka, Makovka, Baskakovka, Sobzha, round, Voronovka, Sigosa, parish, Leonidovka and many others.Total Kaluga river Ugra has 44 inflows.It consists of a bed of pebbles and fine sand.Ugra flows into the Oka River at a distance of ten kilometers to the upper reaches of the city of Kaluga.
Historical facts
Ugra - the river that often acted as a natural border between the different political formations and etnoplemennymi.Beginning in 1147, in the records contain references to the political clashes on it.It became widely known so-called "standing on the Ugra river."So in Russian chronicles called the confrontation that occurred between the grand prince of Moscow Ivan the Third and the Great Horde Akhmat Khan in 1480.This moment in the history of Russia is considered to be the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.Defensive highlights the value of the Ugra nickname, which awarded her people - "Belt of the Virgin."
On the banks of the river Ugra distinguished glorious feats of arms, many Russians.Here, in 1812, he held the defense of the famous Denis Davydov.During the Second World War, during the onset of Nazi troops in Moscow, Ugra became a natural barrier between the defenders of the motherland, and occupiers.On the river, he accomplished the feat AGRogov, the squadron commander.He directed his burning plane in the crossing of the fascist Ugra and destroyed it.
Fishing on the
In Ugra, you can catch the different fish: pike, burbot, roach, bream, silver bream, sturgeon, catfish and walleye.On the aft Reach, which is below the rolling, live bait or lure is well caught pike.The rest of the fish fauna of the river prefer worm.Spring is best to catch chub on a June bug.In late summer are biting a grasshopper chub.Experienced anglers keep their catch Kukan in the cage, as muskrat or otter can sneak up quietly and usurp the precious loot.
National Park
one of the cleanest in the central region of Russia is considered to be the river Ugra.Kaluga region is famous for its magnificent nature.In 1997, the area came the national park "Ugra", which is a specially protected natural areas.It grows a variety of vascular plants (1026 species), some of which are imported from North America, while others are local flora.The national park is growing 140 rare species for the Kaluga Region: lady's slipper, palchatokollennik Baltic, feather grass, neottianta cucullata, Cephalanthera longifolia and others.Many of these plants are in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Fauna National Park 300 species represented.It is home to deer, wild boars, squirrels, elk and marten.Among the birds dominated grouse, grouse, hawks, woodcocks and wood pigeons.On the banks of the river you can find beavers and otters.In total, the park is listed: mammals - 57 species of birds - 210 fish - 36, amphibians - 10, reptiles - 6 Cyclostomata - 1.
National Park "Ugra" extends across the Kaluga region at a distance of 200 kilometers.90% of the species diversity of the region includes the reserve.
