Unemployment called socio-economic phenomenon in which part of the active working population and does not find a job and therefore become "superfluous".
causes of unemployment and manifestations are different, so it can be subdivided into types.
in the world agreed to consider three main types of problems: structural and frictional (natural unemployment) and cyclical unemployment.
Under a temporary frictional unemployment understand people because voluntary transition to another job, it is connected with the search for and the expectation of a more appropriate place.Most often this situation occurs among individuals, selects jobs that match their skills and personal preferences.
The value of this type of unemployment depends on vacancies and the effectiveness and speed with which people find a place of work that suits them.
Structural unemployment depends on technological improvements in production, changing the structure of demand for a certain effect.This unemployment is usually forced.
sometimes called cyclical unemployment of insufficient demand.It is a consequence of the reduction in aggregate demand for labor.
intermediate between frictional and seasonal unemployment is cyclical.It is influenced by environmental factors, and it is easily predicted.
This type of unemployment is inherent in the tourism business, agriculture, some fisheries (fishing, berry picking, timber rafting, hunting), the construction industry.At the same time, intensive work continues for several months or weeks in a year, and at other times there is a "simple".
natural unemployment
scientist from America monetarist Milton Friedman frictional and structural types of unemployment combined into a single concept of "natural unemployment".In an economy full employment implies a situation that is stable for a long time.It is also called normal unemployment.
natural unemployment rate - a reflection of the equilibrium state of the labor market at the absolute employment, in this case, the number of people seeking employment, equal to the number of vacancies.If the unemployment rate exceeds the natural fact, disturbed the balance in the labor market, there are cyclical unemployed who want to work but not finding the place because of the reduction in demand for workers in periods of decline in production.
natural unemployment in most developed countries is 4-6% and its level in recent years has grown steadily due to high social security of the citizens of these countries (increase in unemployment benefits, the minimum wage increase, easing requirements for those receiving benefits).This leads to a long search of a place to the growth demands of the proposed work.
upward trend in the level of natural unemployment is associated with an increase in working the percentage of women and youth, as well as frequent changes in the structure of the economy.
known even the concept of regional unemployment, it occurs in some regions due to the mass closure of businesses.Under
hidden unemployment realize a state where people are formally employed, but in fact, take up too much space.Significant scale of hidden unemployment inherent in modern economy of Russia and Bashkortostan.This is due to a large number of defense and large enterprises.Pending federal orders defense companies are not restructured or closed, the employees of such companies not to fire, but listed as being on administrative leave, or appear at work several times a month.In that case, if the company belongs to the city main, massive layoffs lead to the aggravation of the social situation in the region.
