Nature Ukraine extremely generous and extremely diverse.A wonderful temperate climate and fertile land, as well as numerous rivers and reservoirs in many ways contribute to the growth of various steppe, meadow and forest vegetation.Unfortunately, human activities on the development of natural land often leads to the disappearance of rare species of flora and fauna.In order to maintain and whenever possible to multiply the rare and endangered species of plants and animals, as well as preserve the unique landscapes and improve the overall environmental situation, have created national parks of Ukraine.
What are reserves
reserve fund of the country - is part of the natural area, the least affected by man.It is used for continuous and comprehensive monitoring of the status and progress of the natural processes that occur in nature in those parts of the biosphere, which still remain unchanged or changed slightly.Reserves in Ukraine are self-regulating natural systems, separated from other ecosystems, and various kinds of negative human impact.
state takes care of the land and water areas included in the protected areas, and removes them from the economic use, as they are the highest form of protected areas, and some kind of laboratories serving for complex research.
Reserves in Ukraine
on the territory of numerous national parks and nature reserves is found a large number of endemic and rare species of birds, insects, plants, and rare, imported from other continents, animals.Reserves in Ukraine are enormous universal value from the point of view of the gene pool represented here variety of flora and fauna, and unique landscapes, unique to this area.
In Ukraine there are four biosphere reserves - a Carpathian, Danube, Black Sea and Askania Nova and 9 state, which are in different natural zones: Polesie and Rivne in the area of mixed forests, Kanev, consume and Medobory - inforest-steppe zone, the Dnieper-Orelsky, Eletskaya steppe, Lugansk, Ukrainian steppe, in the Carpathian Mountains - Carpathian and Gorgan and 6 reserves on the territory of the Crimean peninsula - Kazantip, Opuksky, Karadag, Yalta mountain forest, Crimea, and the Cape Martian.
Biosphere Reserves Reserves were approved by the International Coordinating Council according to the program "Man and Biosphere".One of their main tasks - protection of natural areas to preserve biological diversity and the natural state of natural objects and complexes.In addition, the territory of the reserve is organized research, and carried out environmental assessment of the environment.By 1994, worldwide there were more than 300 biosphere reserves, four of which are now in Ukraine.
Biosphere Reserves in Ukraine consist of land and water areas, as well as the entire natural complexes and separate objects, which are of particular scientific, environmental, aesthetic and other values.
structure reserves
Experts from the UN developed the concept of zoning for the Biosphere Reserves.These reserves must consist of three zones: the nucleus, or core area, buffer and transition zones.The core - a land with the least disturbed ecosystem.It conducts research and educational activities.The core may be one, but may be of several.Around them is a buffer zone, which can be used for various kinds of research, and for ecotourism.In the transition zone may be in the settlements, in addition, there is allowed a small agricultural activity.
Biosphere Reserve Askania Nova
This reserve is a truly unique place of pristine nature and the final stretch of the steppe in Europe, who never swing open.It is worth noting that the steppe plowed once, will never fully recover.The Askania steppe there are more than 400 species of plants, most of them are cereals.
Askania Nova - this is probably the most famous National Park, located on the territory of Ukraine, an area of over 11 thousand hectares.It was founded in 1921 in Kherson region.The lands of the reserve is a forest park with artificial ponds and canals, home to over 1,000 species of animals and 60 species of birds.
Askania Nova uniqueness lies in the fact that in addition to local species of wild fauna are perfectly accustomed very rare species of animals brought from Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and America.Area extensive paddocks Zoo is 30 square meters.km.In the semi-grazing conditions are Shetland ponies, kaffir buffalo, zebras, llamas, Przewalski's horse, and even antelopes - ancient ungulates living in the days of mammoths.
Danube Biosphere Reserve
was founded in 1981 in the Odessa region.Originally, its area was 14.8 thousand. Ha.But the area of the reserve all the time expanding and now it has reached 50 252.9 ha.The reserve protects unique throughout Europe unique landscapes of the Danube floodplains.
Reserves in Ukraine is extremely rich in various species of flora and fauna.Only one DDBR there are 563 species of plants.Such biological diversity due to the presence of special fertile silt caused by the river.Among the herbs often come across areas with water vegetation, formed by plants listed in the Red Book of Ukraine - walnut and floating Salvinia floating.
Beautiful environment and sufficient food resources smoother attract a huge number of birds.Here there are more than 200 species, among which there are also some very rare: spoonbill, pink pelican, curly pelican, ruddy, white-tailed eagle and others.In addition, the water reserve - a wintering place for over 120 bird species.
Carpathian Biosphere Reserve
Its creation began in 1968 on the territory of Transcarpathian region.Total area - 57 880 ha, of which 31 995 hectares - a buffer zone.This reserve consists of six sets and two botanical reserve, with the status of state: Yulevskaya Mountain and Black Mountain.All the reserve area are at an altitude of 2061 m above sea level in the sector of the Ukrainian Carpathians.Here are the pristine mountainous mixed beech and spruce forest and foothill oak forests, alpine and sub-alpine meadows with rocky-lichen landscapes.
Reserves of Ukraine is famous for its forests, especially the Carpathian.About 90% of its territory is covered by primeval forests.The reserve has 66 species of mammals, more than 10,000 different species of invertebrates, 193 species of birds and more than 1,000 species of vascular plants.In addition, there are more than 60 plant species and 72 animal species listed in the Red Book.
Black Sea Biosphere Reserve
He is considered one of the largest, oldest and most valuable nature reserves of Ukraine, whose territory extends over two areas - Kherson and Mykolayiv.Special pride of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve is the diversity of the landscape here.This plots saline steppes and sand bars, and the bay area and the fresh and salty lakes, as well as black alder, aspen and birch groves.
area functional area of the reserve is 70 509 ha and the buffer - 18 620 hectares.Of these, about 84% - and the waters Yarlitskogo Tendrivskogo bays of the Black Sea.
huge number of species of migratory and wintering birds attracts many ornithologists in this Biosphere Reserve.Ukraine diligently cares about the safety of these truly unique complex, created by nature itself.
At the moment we know that the reserve has more than 3,500 species of fauna, including 124 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and 29 - in the European Red List.Also reserves of Ukraine is a great variety of insects, and the Black Sea Reserve - is no exception.On his site it found more than 2,000 species of insects, 168 of which are arachnids.
role of reserves in the life of modern man
Every self-respecting people living on their historical territory, always striving not only to preserve but also to increase the possibility of the natural resources, and maximize the living conditions in their native land for future generations.
Natural Reserves of Ukraine were created to modern man did not forget during all the achievements of science and technology and space travel that in the world there are still corners of pristine nature, which our ancestors composed legends.
