among most people, the term organizational structure of the enterprise is immediately an association with the tree diagram in which rectangles connected by lines to each other.These rectangles on the chart and display the list of problems solved at the enterprise, ie the diagram shows the process of division of labor.That is why the organizational structure of the enterprise is one of the key elements by which you can achieve high levels of efficiency in the management and optimization of business processes.
Consider some typical schemes of their advantages and disadvantages.
Firstly, in a linear arrangement company organizational structure, is typically hierarchical management structure.Such a structure was formed in the early 20th century.The meaning and essence of the system is reduced to the control of higher levels of lower and bringing production to standardize management.Hence, there are functions for coordination, allocation of responsibilities among employees and standardization activities.Among the most common and widespread of hierarchical structures can be identified linear (linear functional) structure.
The organizational structure of the linear type is the so-called "mining" construction management process specialized subsystems of different from each other in terms of functionality.And each such subsystem formed a hierarchy of additional services (mine), which permeates the whole structure from top to bottom.This system is based on the principle of employee motivation and encouragement.Performance Evaluation of such structures is expressed in terms of each service that characterize the implementation of the goals and tasks facing them.With this type of structure is composed of the end result of the whole structure results services separately.
Orgstruktura enterprise linear type has advantages and disadvantages.Among the advantages of the system can distinguish a clear connection between the function and units with each other, the system of one-man management, the performance of subordinate services in an indication of this head.Among the disadvantages are the following: the absence of a special body (service) that would deal with issues of strategic planning of enterprise development, the lack of effective system of cooperation and responsibility for the subsequent result of the participation in several divisions, weak flexibility and adaptation of the system to the changing conditions in different situations.In addition, the criteria for evaluation of the units and the entire structure as a whole is different, a large number of intermediaries between production and head of the organization, a marked overload senior level, the dependence of the whole structure of the mine (service) on the competence of managers of top-level managers.
Therefore, by modern standards, the production of such a structure is not effective enough for the enterprise business and bad compatible with the requirements of the modern philosophy of quality management.
Line and staff organizational structure of the enterprise.This scheme is an upgraded model of the linear structure.It incorporates a unit that allows to eliminate the lack of strategic planning.To this end, in its structure contains a number of additional units (headquarters) which themselves do not directly make decisions and direct the lower parts of the hierarchy, and are designed to help the head of the level (level) in planning and analysis.Among the advantages and disadvantages of it is similar to a linear addition to the possibility of a better production planning and management.Therefore, if we evaluate this structure by modern standards, it will be a good option in the transformation of a linear structure, in some other.
addition to the above organizational structure of the enterprise can be such types division, organic or adaptive structures brigade (cross-functional) structure.
