Association of Kiev and Novgorod, happened in 882, is considered to be the date of formation of the Russian state.It is rightly considered the founder of Prince Oleg, deservedly called the "prophetic", ie anticipate that future.He was the first collector of Russian lands.Intelligent, determined and visionary, he rightly included in the list of 100 great generals of the world.
main source of information
It landmark dates in the history of the Russian state is the year 882. The union of Kiev and Novgorod, two large at the time of shopping centers developed Eastern Slavic tribes marked the beginning of the emergence of a large original civilization with a unique culture.The main source of the events of ancient Russian history is the "Tale of Bygone Years" (the PVL).This is the earliest chronicle.It is also called "primitive chronicle" or "Nestor chronicle", from which it can be concluded that the author of this source, many scientists believe the monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Nestor (about 1056 - 1114), a large hagiography (theologian who studies the lives of saints) and chronicler.
How it all began
In this chronicle of the period described in the history of Russian land from biblical times to 1117.According to the IDPs, the union took place in Kiev and Novgorod in 882, led by the legendary Prince Oleg.Just need to mention that modern historians challenged everything about ancient Russia.But there is more or less generally accepted information.It is known that Oleg was a relative of Rurik, or rather his wife's brother - Efanidy.After the death of Rurik, Oleg became the guardian of a minor, Igor, and to his manhood - the ruler of Novgorod.Many scientists point to the fact that in those days in question, Novgorod, as such, did not exist.There was a large fortified mall Ladoga on the Volkhov River, known throughout the eastern Baltic Sea.Rurik settlement was located at the current Novgorod.
first unifier of Russian land
In the X century castle was built here Detinets, combining three separate village.But PVL Set 862 as the date of the first mention of Novgorod, and in 1150 Russia celebrated its founding in 2009. The most popular version says that the city was, that it was asked to rule citizens Scandinavians arrived here, here, and begat rulesRurik's son, who died in 879.Who came to power governor Oleg immediately took transformations squads and strengthening of existing borders.Then, three years later, he began by conquest to unite the Russian lands.Very clever and far-sighted policies, which occurred under the leadership of the union of land Novgorod and Kiev, not always acted only by force - bloodless ruse he subdued and Kiev, and later Constantinople, charged with merchants East Slavic north exorbitant wages.
urgent need to take control of most of the land along the route of the goods - it was a necessary and reasonable solution.Once in power, the prince immediately decided to conquer the lands lying along the trade route "from the Vikings to the Greeks."Obviously, the union Oleg of Novgorod and Kiev was conceived a long time, perhaps, these plans are hatched Rurik.Or maybe it was so farsighted Oleg, because one of the main sources of money in the state treasury was trade.A goods around the route levied heavy taxes.Following to the south with a 2-thousand army, Oleg subdued the Slavic tribes living along the banks of the Dnieper, Pripyat, Bug and Dniester river Sozh.It was drevlyans northerners radzimichy.Before Rurik united under his rule Finno-Ugric peoples (this includes Tschudi, Mary Vesey), Ilmensky words, Krivichy, ie East Slavic north, which is called the overseas sources of Fame.Thus, the first merit Oleg was expanding the boundaries of the Russian land.And strengthening.Everywhere along the way he built the city and the fortress.
Retribution
Association of Kiev and Novgorod, Oleg has been conceived with one purpose - he wanted to punish the usurpers Dir and Askold, betrayed by one legend, Rurik.Going to the conquest of Constantinople, the combatants entered the Kiev and refused to recognize the authority of Rurik.They were not the princely family, and that gave them the right to Oleg require renunciation of power.Approaching the city, strategist and cautious politician Oleg did not want to spill the blood of their soldiers, forcing them to take a well-fortified center, located on a high mountain, which made the fortress impregnable.Varangian Oleg pretended merchant.The soldiers took cover on the bottom of the rooks, on top of their bags covered with the goods.The then owners of the city, Askold and Dir, came to the pier to select the best of brought, and collect tribute for permission to proceed on the Dnieper River to the sea.They were captured and killed, buried in different places.
clever diplomat
So what happened unification of Kiev and Novgorod at the beginning of one man - Prince Oleg, who immediately began to strengthen the conquered city.That he came into the city, according to legend, called Kyiv "the mother of Russian cities."Oleg wanted to make this town the capital and justify his residence here.Of course, Kiev did not stop.But then Oleg acted very wisely.Some tribes (the above drevlyans northerners radzimichy) He joined Russia, freeing them from paying exorbitant tribute to the Khazar Khanate.Territory subject to Oleg became a powerful state, which marked the beginning of the formation of the union of Kiev and Novgorod.Year 882 year tradition is considered the beginning of Russian statehood.
«revenge for unreasonable Khazars»
second greatest thing Oleg was that it first struck a powerful blow to the aggressor - the Khazar Khanate, terrorizing all around.When the prophetic Oleg going "to take revenge unreasonable Khazars" on his side were the Pechenegs, and on the side of the enemy - the Magyars, who, carrying the huge loss, were forced to flee over the Carpathians.Russian army became invincible.
And this marked the beginning of everything happened in the year 882 the union of Kiev and Novgorod.It turned out to be profitable by the fact that in Kiev the level of civilization was slightly higher - where intensively developed crafts, crafts, trade and the same culture.United State tightens to the level of future capital.New great powers later was named Rus.Oleg and Igor growing up to believe in the power of his army.
«Your shield on the gates of Constantinople»
third feat Oleg was the cessation of the payment of tribute to Constantinople, and the conclusion is very beneficial for the new state treaty with the Greeks.Merchants do not pay more exorbitant fees.Maybe it was just because the prophetic Oleg united the two Russian State Center - Kiev and Novgorod.
In addition, Kiev has been the gateway to the Byzantine Empire, which at that time was the center of science and culture, and much higher than the level of civilization of the whole of Europe.The signing of peace treaties with this country was certainly at hand Russia.Sung ASPushkin, the great Prince Oleg nailed to the gates of Constantinople shield (Constantinople), that is, conquered the city.Such successes, he never would have done, he did not commit the union of Kiev and Novgorod.Year of this great event will forever remain in the annals of Russian history.The era of the formation of the ancient Russian state associated with the names of Oleg, Igor, Olga and Svyatoslav.Kievan Rus at the peak of its prosperity occupied territory, limited to the west and the upper Dniester Vistula tributary of the Volga in the east, the Taman Peninsula in the south and the upper reaches of the Northern Dvina River from the north.The creation of such a large state in Eastern Europe marked the unification of Novgorod and Kiev when Oleg.
Complex problem solving
Of course, only the capture of Kiev could be the most important task.The new state was a early feudal monarchy, which is led by a sole ruler, concentrated in his hands all power.The treasury was filled mainly due tribute levied on the conquered peoples.Submission of neighboring tribes provides a solution to several problems - decreased raids, increased revenues to the treasury, the merchants of duty-free goods, which ultimately also increases the power of the country.The solution to these problems has been on the back only a strong state, which marked the beginning of the birth of the union of Novgorod and Kiev.Date, the value of which is difficult to overestimate, played a major role in the formation of our country.There were then civil wars, and the collapse of power in the small principality, but the state that existed before, revived, united in the face of the enemy and defeat him in all wars.This is the essence of Russia, this is its mentality, which is a set of intellectual, emotional and cultural features.He went to the descendants of the Varangian guards Oleg, come down from the north to Constantinople and conquered it.
Short description
Association of Kiev and Novgorod can be briefly described as follows.After his death in 879 Rurik power passed into the hands of his brother-in caregiver and infant son Igor.Voivod Oleg received the reins three years to strengthen and equip the land left after the deceased.Then, with a well-prepared armed force, striking force which were Varangian warriors, he marched south to conquer the earth, preferably all, lies along the trade route "from the Vikings to the Greeks", and thus rid the merchants and the country from paying exorbitant tributes tosmuggled goods.Kiev, which lies along the way, like Constantinople was the most important vzimatelyami tribute.
