whole world around us - material and spiritual, animate and inanimate - called in one word - Nature, the mother of all things on earth and around it.The most important element of the natural world of the Earth - the biosphere.The composition of the biosphere includes, firstly, all living organisms, from protozoa, bacteria, and ending with such a complex system, as a man, and secondly, the so-called planetary substance formed by the interaction of living organisms and inanimate nature.
Thus, the biosphere is composed of:
- living matter (in the generalized, collectively) ;,
- nutrients (the result of the activity of organisms - is coal, gas, peat, etc.);
- inert substance (meteorites arrived from outer space, rocks, thrown up on the surface during volcanic eruptions, continental platform, etc.);
- bioinert substance - a product of mutual influence of living matter and inert (air, water, soil).
bioinert substance, according to the definition - a biosphere substance, which is a synthesis of the results of living matter and inanimate nature.For example, manure - a residue which produce animal consumption and during food processing.Man adds it to the soil as fertilizer.After a complex chemical reactions manure turns into humus.It is changing the composition of the soil, and its chemical formula.
biokosnyh matter of the biosphere - soil, rocks, water, salty and freshwater contained in natural waters.
term "biosphere" was first upotreblёn back in the 18th century, the famous French botanist Lamarck.And the Austrian geologist Suess and Russian scientist Vernadsky devoted several years studying the life of this part of the shell.In their view, the biosphere developed through evolution, and its driving force Vernadsky believed biochemical energy of living matter, living matter.And that the activities of living organisms creates and transforms the surface shell of the Earth.The organisms themselves, and what they produce in their lifetime, it is important geological lever contributing to the destruction of rocks on the planet, the cycle of substances in nature, change water and air envelope around our planet, that is, in fact,Development of the lithosphere, its upper layers.In these processes, bioinert substance plays a major role.After all, the state of soil and natural waters depends, largely, on the "work" of living matter, and the weathering crust, geological shifts - from inert processes.The dynamic balance of both, their interaction provides a biosphere biogeochemical energy.
can be argued that bioinert substance has a complex structure.His foundation of mineral origin, has undergone, however, heavily modified by living organisms (the soil, water, air).Biokosnyh fossil origin such as shale, limestone, oil, sludge, etc.., Is the final product of the decay of dead bacteria and processing of plant and animal species.Thus bioinert substance is regarded as a synthesis product of living and nonliving in nature.
bioinert substance in the nature of the whole system, interacting with each other.Their distinguishing feature - the interpenetration of living, organic matter and inanimate, inert.When biokosnyh system performs the cycle, they do not return to their state of the starting point and turn to the new, iedeveloping steadily.
In turn, biokosnye Earth system form a single ecosystem.The types and number of living organisms within it due to both habitat and the metabolism of energy and emissions.This entire ecosystem - the biosphere of our planet.
