Army - is a special world with its own laws and customs, strict hierarchy and a clear division of responsibilities.And junior officers always, ever since the Roman legions, was the main link between the ordinary soldiers and senior commanding staff.Today let's talk about the non-commissioned officers.Who and what functions they performed in the Army?
History of the term
will understand who is a non-commissioned officer.The system of military officers began to take shape in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century with the advent of the first regular army.Over time it occurred only minor changes - and more than two hundred years, it has remained virtually unchanged.After the 1917 revolution in the system of Russian military officials have been major changes, but now the majority of old titles still use ~ in the army.
Initially, there was no strict division in the ranks among the lower ranks.The Strelets troops played the role of junior commanders constable.Then, with the advent of the regular army, a new category of lower military ranks - non-commissioned officers.The word is of German origin.And it is no coincidence, since much of the time to borrow from foreign countries, especially during the reign of Peter the Great.It was he who created the first Russian army on a regular basis.Translated from the German unter means "lower."
C XVIII century Russian army military ranks first degree was divided into two groups: ordinary and non-commissioned officers.It should be remembered that in the artillery and Cossack troops of lower military ranks and called gunner sergeant respectively.
Methods for obtaining the title of
So, non-commissioned officer - a lower level military officers.Get this rank can be in two ways.Nobles to enlist in the lowest rank just outside the job.Then they promoted and received his first officer rank.In the XVIII century, this fact led to a huge oversupply of non-commissioned officers, particularly in the guard, where the majority prefer to serve.
All others had to serve for four years, before receiving the rank of sergeant or ensign.In addition, the rank of officer nedvoryane could get for outstanding military merit.
What ranks belonged to non-commissioned officers
Over the past 200 years in the lowest rung of the military ranks there were changes.At various times in the non-commissioned officers included the following titles:
- ensign and lieutenant-zauryad - senior non-commissioned officer ranks.
- sergeant-major (in the cavalry, he wore the rank of sergeant) - non-commissioned officer who occupies a middle position in the ranks between corporal and sub-ensigns.He served as an assistant company commander for economic affairs and the internal order.
- senior non-commissioned officer - assistant platoon commander, the direct head of the soldiers.I had relative freedom and independence in the education and training of the rank and file.I keep order in the unit, the soldiers assigned to the order and work.
- Junior sergeant - is the immediate superior of the ordinary.It began with his education and training of the soldiers, he was helping his wards in military training and led them into battle.In the XVII century in the Russian army, instead of a junior non-commissioned officer rank of corporal existed.He belonged to the lowest military rank.Corporal in the modern Russian army - a sergeant.The US Army is still a rank of Lance Corporal.
NCO tsarist army
In the aftermath of the Russian-Japanese and First World War the formation of non-commissioned officers of the tsarist army attached special importance.To instantly increased the number of the army did not have enough officers and military schools could not cope with this task.Short term compulsory service are not allowed to prepare professional military.The War Department tried all means to keep the army non-commissioned officers, in which great hopes on the education and training of the rank and file.They gradually began to devote a special layer professionals.It was decided to leave the re-enlist a third of the number of lower-ranking military officers.
re-enlisted began to increase salaries, they receive a lump sum.Non-commissioned officers who have served over the period of 15 years, the dismissal were entitled to a pension.
in the tsarist army non-commissioned officers have played a huge role in training and educating the rank and file.They were responsible for the order in the units assigned to soldiers in dress, had the right to dismiss the average of units engaged in evening roll call.
abolition of the lower military ranks
After the revolution of 1917 abolished all military ranks.Again, military ranks were introduced in 1935.Ranks sergeant, senior and junior non-commissioned officers have been replaced by junior and senior NCOs, ensign became comply sergeant and lieutenant-zauryad - modern ensign.Many well-known personalities of the XX century began their military service with the rank of non-commissioned officer: Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Blvukher, G. Kulik, the poet Nikolai Gumilyov.
